Exam 12: Cancer Biology

A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat?

In a normal, nonmutant state, what is an oncogene referred to as?

What are characteristics of benign tumors?

What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)

What aberrant change causes the abnormal growth in retinoblastoma?

What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

What is the major virus involved in the development of cervical cancer?

Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?

In childhood neuroblastoma, the N-myc oncogene undergoes which type of mutation of normal gene to oncogene?

Why are two "hits" required to inactivate tumor-suppressor genes?

Which cancer originates from connective tissue?

What is the role of caretaker genes?

A healthcare professional is caring for four patients with cancer. Which patient does the professional educate about brachytherapy?

Normally, which cells are considered immortal? (Select all that apply.)

How do cancer cells use the enzyme telomerase?

Burkitt lymphomas designate a chromosome that has a piece of chromosome 8 fused to a piece of chromosome 14. This is an example of which mutation of normal genes to oncogenes?

A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best?

Which cancers are associated with chronic inflammation? (Select all that apply.)

By what process do cancer cells multiply in the absence of external growth signals?

Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?