Question 1

What area in the body may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) Central nervous system 
B) Bone marrow 
C) Thymus gland 
D) Lungs 
A) Central nervous system 
B) Bone marrow 
C) Thymus gland 
D) Lungs

Question 2

After sexual transmission of HIV, how soon can lab results detect the infection?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 2 days 
B) 4 to 10 days 
C) 4 to 8 weeks 
D) 2 to 4 months 
A) 1 to 2 days 
B) 4 to 10 days 
C) 4 to 8 weeks 
D) 2 to 4 months

Question 3

What is the first stage in the infectious process?

Accepted Answer

A) Invasion 
B) Colonization 
C) Spread 
D) Multiplication 
A) Invasion 
B) Colonization 
C) Spread 
D) Multiplication

Question 4

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4⁺ Th cells only 
B) CD4⁺ Th cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
C) CD8-positive cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and plasma cells 
D) CD8-positive Tc cells only 
A) CD4⁺ Th cells only 
B) CD4⁺ Th cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
C) CD8-positive cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and plasma cells 
D) CD8-positive Tc cells only

Question 5

What are vaccines against viruses created from?

Accepted Answer

A) Killed organisms or extracts of antigens 
B) Live organisms weakened to produce antigens 
C) Purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified 
D) Recombinant pathogenic protein 
A) Killed organisms or extracts of antigens 
B) Live organisms weakened to produce antigens 
C) Purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified 
D) Recombinant pathogenic protein

Question 6

Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Yeasts 
A) Bacteria 
B) Fungi 
C) Viruses 
D) Yeasts

Question 7

Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium perfringens 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) Treponema pallidum 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium perfringens 
C) Helicobacter pylori 
D) Treponema pallidum

Question 8

Which statements are true regarding the development of HIV symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Symptoms generally appear in the clinical latency stage. 
B) Symptoms are generally observable within 5 years of the initial infection. 
C) T cells levels, particularly those of memory T cells, progressively decrease. 
D) Untreated infected individuals may remain asymptomatic for up to10 years. 
E) Secondary lymphoid organs experience damage and resulting malfunction. 
A) Symptoms generally appear in the clinical latency stage. 
B) Symptoms are generally observable within 5 years of the initial infection. 
C) T cells levels, particularly those of memory T cells, progressively decrease. 
D) Untreated infected individuals may remain asymptomatic for up to10 years. 
E) Secondary lymphoid organs experience damage and resulting malfunction.

Question 9

Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukotriene 
B) Histamine 
C) Prostaglandin 
D) Bradykinin 
A) Leukotriene 
B) Histamine 
C) Prostaglandin 
D) Bradykinin

Exam 10: Infection

What area in the body may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs?

After sexual transmission of HIV, how soon can lab results detect the infection?

What is the first stage in the infectious process?

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

What are vaccines against viruses created from?

Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?

Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection?

Which statements are true regarding the development of HIV symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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