Question 1

When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, how are the blood cells destroyed?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement-mediated cell lysis 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages 
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen 
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products 
A) Complement-mediated cell lysis 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages 
C) Phagocytosis in the spleen 
D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products

Question 2

How is hypersensitivity best defined?

Accepted Answer

A) A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens 
B) An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person 
C) An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease 
D) An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens 
A) A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens 
B) An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person 
C) An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease 
D) An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens

Question 3

What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) Autoimmunity 
B) Alloimmunity 
C) Homoimmunity 
D) Hypersensitivity 
A) Autoimmunity 
B) Alloimmunity 
C) Homoimmunity 
D) Hypersensitivity

Question 4

A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of these?

Accepted Answer

A) No antigens 
B) No antibodies 
C) Both A and B antigens 
D) Both A and B antibodies 
A) No antigens 
B) No antibodies 
C) Both A and B antigens 
D) Both A and B antibodies

Question 5

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

Accepted Answer

A) Neutrophils 
B) Monocytes 
C) Eosinophils 
D) T lymphocytes 
A) Neutrophils 
B) Monocytes 
C) Eosinophils 
D) T lymphocytes

Question 6

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system, severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Natural killer cells 
D) Neutrophils 
A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) Natural killer cells 
D) Neutrophils

Question 7

A healthcare professional is teaching a patient about Raynaud phenomenon and instructs the patient to avoid cold. What is the best explanation of how cold impacts the manifestations of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation 
B) Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation 
C) Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues 
D) Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species 
A) Immune complexes that are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation 
B) Mast cells that are bound to specific endothelial receptors, causing them to degranulate and creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation 
C) Cytotoxic T cells that attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues 
D) Antibodies that detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species

Question 8

Which statement is true regarding immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Immunodeficiency is generally not present in other family members. 
B) Immunodeficiency is never acquired; rather, it is congenital. 
C) Immunodeficiency is almost immediately symptomatic. 
D) Immunodeficiency is a result of a postnatal mutation. 
A) Immunodeficiency is generally not present in other family members. 
B) Immunodeficiency is never acquired; rather, it is congenital. 
C) Immunodeficiency is almost immediately symptomatic. 
D) Immunodeficiency is a result of a postnatal mutation.

Question 9

Which statement is true concerning an atopic individual?

Accepted Answer

A) They tend to produce less IgE. 
B) They tend to produce more Fc receptors. 
C) They tend to attract very few mast cells. 
D) They tend to produce very high levels of IgM. 
A) They tend to produce less IgE. 
B) They tend to produce more Fc receptors. 
C) They tend to attract very few mast cells. 
D) They tend to produce very high levels of IgM.

Question 10

Which disorders are considered autoimmune? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Crohn disease 
B) Addison disease 
C) Rheumatoid arthritis 
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus 
E) Type 2 diabetes 
A) Crohn disease 
B) Addison disease 
C) Rheumatoid arthritis 
D) Systemic lupus erythematosus 
E) Type 2 diabetes

Question 11

Urticaria is a manifestation of a which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) IV 
B) III 
C) II 
D) I 
A) IV 
B) III 
C) II 
D) I

Question 12

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV

Question 13

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of these?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators 
B) Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues 
C) Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets 
D) Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface 
A) Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation, followed by the discharge of preformed mediators 
B) Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in the tissues 
C) Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking and destroying cellular targets 
D) Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface

Question 14

Exposure to which of these could result in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Poison ivy 
B) Neomycin 
C) Dairy products 
D) Nickel 
E) Detergents 
A) Poison ivy 
B) Neomycin 
C) Dairy products 
D) Nickel 
E) Detergents

Question 15

How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 2 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 6 to 8 
D) 10 to 12 
A) 1 to 2 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 6 to 8 
D) 10 to 12

Question 16

A person with type O blood needs a blood transfusion. What blood type does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) AB 
D) O 
A) A 
B) B 
C) AB 
D) O

Question 17

Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelets 
B) Neutrophils 
C) Lymphocytes 
D) Erythrocytes 
A) Platelets 
B) Neutrophils 
C) Lymphocytes 
D) Erythrocytes

Question 18

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodine 
D) Magnesium 
A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodine 
D) Magnesium

Question 19

What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response called?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic shock 
B) Anaphylaxis 
C) Necrotizing vasculitis 
D) Systemic erythematosus 
A) Hemolytic shock 
B) Anaphylaxis 
C) Necrotizing vasculitis 
D) Systemic erythematosus

Question 20

A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Give the patient an antihistamine. 
B) Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion. 
C) Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site. 
D) Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. 
A) Give the patient an antihistamine. 
B) Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion. 
C) Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site. 
D) Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area.

Exam 9: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, how are the blood cells destroyed?

How is hypersensitivity best defined?

What are blood transfusion reactions an example of?

A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of these?

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system, severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

A healthcare professional is teaching a patient about Raynaud phenomenon and instructs the patient to avoid cold. What is the best explanation of how cold impacts the manifestations of this disease?

Which statement is true regarding immunodeficiency?

Which statement is true concerning an atopic individual?

Which disorders are considered autoimmune? (Select all that apply.)

Urticaria is a manifestation of a which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of these?

Exposure to which of these could result in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)

How many months does it take for the newborn to be sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells?

A person with type O blood needs a blood transfusion. What blood type does the healthcare professional prepare to administer to the patient?

Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response called?

A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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