Question 1

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A) Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue. 
B) Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced. 
C) Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated. 
D) Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue. 
A) Nonfunctioning scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue. 
B) Regeneration occurs; the original tissue is replaced. 
C) Resolution occurs; tissue is regenerated. 
D) Epithelialization replaces destroyed tissue.

Question 2

What do the main functions of NK cells include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Recognizing virus-infected cells 
B) Eliminating virus-infected cells 
C) Recognizing bacteria-infected cells 
D) Eliminating bacteria-infected cells 
E) Eliminating previously identified cancer cells 
A) Recognizing virus-infected cells 
B) Eliminating virus-infected cells 
C) Recognizing bacteria-infected cells 
D) Eliminating bacteria-infected cells 
E) Eliminating previously identified cancer cells

Question 3

A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Help the student gather the rest of the supplies. 
B) Instruct the student to dilute the hydrogen peroxide. 
C) Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. 
D) Ask the patient if pain medication is needed first. 
A) Help the student gather the rest of the supplies. 
B) Instruct the student to dilute the hydrogen peroxide. 
C) Tell the student to get some normal saline instead. 
D) Ask the patient if pain medication is needed first.

Question 4

In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Accepted Answer

A) XII 
B) VII 
C) X 
D) V 
A) XII 
B) VII 
C) X 
D) V

Question 5

What does the phagosome step result in during the process of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Microorganisms are ingested. 
B) Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
C) Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria. 
D) An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed. 
A) Microorganisms are ingested. 
B) Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
C) Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria. 
D) An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.

Question 6

An older adult is particularly susceptible to infections of which body parts? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Lungs 
B) Skin 
C) Liver 
D) Eyes 
E) Bladder 
A) Lungs 
B) Skin 
C) Liver 
D) Eyes 
E) Bladder

Question 7

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

Accepted Answer

A) Epithelialization 
B) Contraction 
C) Collagen matrix assembly 
D) Maturation 
A) Epithelialization 
B) Contraction 
C) Collagen matrix assembly 
D) Maturation

Question 8

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A) To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B) To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C) To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury 
A) To provide specific responses toward antigens 
B) To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms 
C) To prevent infection of the injured tissue 
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 9

Fusion is the step of phagocytosis during which what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
B) An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed. 
C) Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte. 
D) Microorganisms are ingested. 
A) Microorganisms are killed and digested. 
B) An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed. 
C) Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte. 
D) Microorganisms are ingested.

Question 10

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelet adhesion 
B) Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C) Vasodilation 
D) Increased endothelial adhesiveness 
A) Platelet adhesion 
B) Initiation of the clotting cascade 
C) Vasodilation 
D) Increased endothelial adhesiveness

Question 11

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemokines 
B) Prostaglandin E 
C) Platelet-activating factor 
D) Bradykinin 
A) Chemokines 
B) Prostaglandin E 
C) Platelet-activating factor 
D) Bradykinin

Question 12

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what?

Accepted Answer

A) Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes 
B) Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation 
C) Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation 
D) Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites 
A) Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes 
B) Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation 
C) Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation 
D) Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasites

Question 13

What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Initiation of the complement cascade 
B) Elimination of malignant cells 
C) Binding tightly to antigens 
D) Proliferation after immunization with antigen 
A) Initiation of the complement cascade 
B) Elimination of malignant cells 
C) Binding tightly to antigens 
D) Proliferation after immunization with antigen

Question 14

What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A) To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages 
B) To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity 
C) To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms 
D) To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation 
A) To tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages 
B) To process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity 
C) To destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms 
D) To promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation

Question 15

Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?

Accepted Answer

A) Eosinophil 
B) Neutrophils 
C) T lymphocytes 
D) B lymphocytes 
A) Eosinophil 
B) Neutrophils 
C) T lymphocytes 
D) B lymphocytes

Question 16

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Prostaglandins 
B) Leukotrienes 
C) Tryptase 
D) Phospholipase 
E) Bradykinin 
A) Prostaglandins 
B) Leukotrienes 
C) Tryptase 
D) Phospholipase 
E) Bradykinin

Question 17

How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A) By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area 
B) By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area 
C) By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area 
D) By producing edema around the inflamed area 
A) By causing vasodilation around the inflamed area 
B) By stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area 
C) By directing leukocytes to the inflamed area 
D) By producing edema around the inflamed area

Question 18

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain 
B) Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation 
C) Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever 
D) Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation 
A) Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain 
B) Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation 
C) Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever 
D) Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation

Question 19

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. 
B) Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C) Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. 
D) Number of mast cells is insufficient. 
A) Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues. 
B) Complement and chemotaxis are deficient. 
C) Underlying chronic illness(es) exists. 
D) Number of mast cells is insufficient.

Question 20

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications, what is the process of returning the cells to preinjury function referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A) Restoration 
B) Resolution 
C) Regrowth 
D) Replacement 
A) Restoration 
B) Resolution 
C) Regrowth 
D) Replacement

Exam 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

What occurs during the process of repair after tissue damage?

What do the main functions of NK cells include? (Select all that apply.)

A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?

In the coagulation (clotting) cascade, the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

What does the phagosome step result in during the process of endocytosis?

An older adult is particularly susceptible to infections of which body parts? (Select all that apply.)

A keloid is the result of which dysfunctional wound healing response?

Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

Fusion is the step of phagocytosis during which what happens?

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what?

What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

What is the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade?

Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?

Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response? (Select all that apply.)

How does the chemotactic factor affect the inflammatory process?

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?

Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing because of which problem?

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications, what is the process of returning the cells to preinjury function referred to as?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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