Question 1

Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of what?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
B) Hemoglobin, which is transferred from the bloodstream to the cells 
C) Albumin, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
D) Amino acids, which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
A) Iron, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
B) Hemoglobin, which is transferred from the bloodstream to the cells 
C) Albumin, which is transferred from the cells to the bloodstream 
D) Amino acids, which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream

Question 2

A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best?

Accepted Answer

A) Competes with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B) Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C) Destroys the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D) Removes iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
A) Competes with carbon dioxide so that it cannot be excreted 
B) Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen 
C) Destroys the chemical bonds of hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen 
D) Removes iron from hemoglobin so it cannot carry oxygen

Question 3

Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of what?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium and chloride 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) ATP 
A) Sodium and chloride 
B) Potassium 
C) Calcium 
D) ATP

Question 4

A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?

Accepted Answer

A) Hepatic function 
B) Gastrointestinal function 
C) Renal function 
D) Central nervous system function 
A) Hepatic function 
B) Gastrointestinal function 
C) Renal function 
D) Central nervous system function

Question 5

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B) Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production. 
C) Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production. 
D) Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure. 
A) Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B) Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production. 
C) Edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production. 
D) Potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.

Question 6

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperplasia 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Dysplasia 
D) Anaplasia 
A) Hyperplasia 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Dysplasia 
D) Anaplasia

Question 7

Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing which compensatory process?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrophy 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Hyperplasia 
D) Dysplasia 
A) Atrophy 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Hyperplasia 
D) Dysplasia

Question 8

What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of lipids that obstruct the common bile duct, preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B) Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins 
C) Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D) Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids 
A) Accumulation of lipids that obstruct the common bile duct, preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B) Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins 
C) Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D) Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids

Question 9

How do free radicals cause cell damage?

Accepted Answer

A) Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia 
B) Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C) Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis 
D) Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane 
A) Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus causing hypoxia 
B) Stimulating the release of lysosomal enzymes that digest the cell membranes 
C) Transferring one of its charged, stabilized atoms to the cell membrane, which causes lysis 
D) Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane

Question 10

What are examples of blunt force injuries? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Bruise to the upper arm, resulting from a fall 
B) Simple tibia fracture sustained in a skiing accident 
C) Cut on the finger while slicing vegetables for a salad 
D) Spleen laceration caused by a punch during a physical fight 
E) Small caliber gunshot wound to the foot while target shooting 
A) Bruise to the upper arm, resulting from a fall 
B) Simple tibia fracture sustained in a skiing accident 
C) Cut on the finger while slicing vegetables for a salad 
D) Spleen laceration caused by a punch during a physical fight 
E) Small caliber gunshot wound to the foot while target shooting

Question 11

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A) Coagulative 
B) Liquefactive 
C) Caseous 
D) Gangrene 
A) Coagulative 
B) Liquefactive 
C) Caseous 
D) Gangrene

Question 12

A health professions student asks the professor to explain apoptosis. What response is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Programmed cell death 
B) Due to chemical injury 
C) Unpredictable patterns of cell death 
D) Results in benign malignancies 
A) Programmed cell death 
B) Due to chemical injury 
C) Unpredictable patterns of cell death 
D) Results in benign malignancies

Question 13

Which is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory distress 
B) Sun intolerance 
C) DNA aberrations 
D) Death 
A) Respiratory distress 
B) Sun intolerance 
C) DNA aberrations 
D) Death

Question 14

What is dysplasia?

Accepted Answer

A) Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type 
B) True adaptive process at the cellular level 
C) Modification in the shape of a specific cell type 
D) Lack of oxygen at the cellular level 
A) Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type 
B) True adaptive process at the cellular level 
C) Modification in the shape of a specific cell type 
D) Lack of oxygen at the cellular level

Question 15

Which statements are true about melanin? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Rarely found in epithelial cells 
B) Found in cells called keratinocytes, which are present in the retina 
C) A factor in the prevention of certain types of cancer 
D) Most influential in managing the effects of short-term sunlight exposure 
E) Accumulates in specific cells found in the skin 
A) Rarely found in epithelial cells 
B) Found in cells called keratinocytes, which are present in the retina 
C) A factor in the prevention of certain types of cancer 
D) Most influential in managing the effects of short-term sunlight exposure 
E) Accumulates in specific cells found in the skin

Question 16

Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Bones 
B) Muscles 
C) Pancreas 
D) Nerves 
E) Eyes 
A) Bones 
B) Muscles 
C) Pancreas 
D) Nerves 
E) Eyes

Question 17

A healthcare professional is screening children for fetal alcohol syndrome. Which children would the professional assess as possibly suffering from this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Frequent asthma attacks 
B) Cognitive impairment 
C) Short stature for age 
D) Esophageal stricture 
E) Facial anomalies 
A) Frequent asthma attacks 
B) Cognitive impairment 
C) Short stature for age 
D) Esophageal stricture 
E) Facial anomalies

Question 18

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Accepted Answer

A) Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B) High frequency and low frequency 
C) High frequency and acoustic trauma 
D) Noise-induced and low frequency 
A) Acoustic trauma and noise-induced 
B) High frequency and low frequency 
C) High frequency and acoustic trauma 
D) Noise-induced and low frequency

Question 19

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Lungs 
B) Brain 
C) Kidneys 
D) Muscles 
E) Heart 
A) Lungs 
B) Brain 
C) Kidneys 
D) Muscles 
E) Heart

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

Hemoprotein accumulations are a result of the excessive storage of what?

A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best?

Lead causes damage within the cell by interfering with the action of what?

A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing which compensatory process?

What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?

How do free radicals cause cell damage?

What are examples of blunt force injuries? (Select all that apply.)

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

A health professions student asks the professor to explain apoptosis. What response is most accurate?

Which is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure?

What is dysplasia?

Which statements are true about melanin? (Select all that apply.)

Which organs are affected by lead consumption? (Select all that apply.)

A healthcare professional is screening children for fetal alcohol syndrome. Which children would the professional assess as possibly suffering from this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.)

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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