Question 1

A Carnot heat engine is to be designed with an efficiency of 81%.If the low temperature reservoir is 25 °C,what is the temperature of the "hot" reservoir?

Accepted Answer

A) 45 °C 
B) 430 °C 
C) 850 °C 
D) 1300 °C 
E) 1700 °C 
A) 45 °C 
B) 430 °C 
C) 850 °C 
D) 1300 °C 
E) 1700 °C

Question 2

5.00 kg of liquid water is heated to 100.0 °C in a closed system.At this temperature,the density of liquid water is 958 kg/m³.The pressure is maintained at atmospheric pressure of 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa.A moveable piston of negligible weight rests on the surface of the water.The water is then converted to steam by adding an additional amount of heat to the system.When all of the water is converted,the final volume of the steam is 8.50 m³.The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg.
  
-What is the change in the internal energy during this isothermal process?

Accepted Answer

A) zero joules 
B) 1.28 × 10⁴ J 
C) 4.40 × 10⁵ J 
D) 2.93 × 10⁶ J 
E) 1.04 × 10⁷ J 
A) zero joules 
B) 1.28 × 10⁴ J 
C) 4.40 × 10⁵ J 
D) 2.93 × 10⁶ J 
E) 1.04 × 10⁷ J

Question 3

Determine the quantity of heat added to 2.8 moles of the ideal gas argon if the temperature increases from 75 °C to 225 °C during an isobaric process.Note: The molar specific heats of argon are CV = 3.0 cal/K·mol and CP = 5.0 cal/K·mol.

Accepted Answer

A) 2600 cal 
B) 2100 cal 
C) 1600 cal 
D) 1100 cal 
E) 750 cal 
A) 2600 cal 
B) 2100 cal 
C) 1600 cal 
D) 1100 cal 
E) 750 cal

Question 4

A paddle wheel frictionally adds thermal energy to an ideal monatomic gas in a sealed,insulated container.The paddle wheel is driven by a cord connected to a falling object as shown in the drawing.In this experiment,a 5.0-kg object falls through a total distance of 3.0 m and the temperature of the gas is found to increase by 6 C°.Assume that all of the mechanical energy lost by the falling object goes into the gas.How many moles of gas must be present in this container?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.0 
B) 3.0 
C) 4.0 
D) 5.0 
E) 6.0 
A) 2.0 
B) 3.0 
C) 4.0 
D) 5.0 
E) 6.0

Question 5

In an isothermal and reversible process,945 J of heat is removed from a system and transferred to the surroundings.The temperature is 314 K.What is the change in entropy of the system?

Accepted Answer

A) -3.01 J/K 
B) +3.01 J/K 
C) -0.332 J/K 
D) +0.332 J/K 
E) +2.97 × 10⁵ J/K 
A) -3.01 J/K 
B) +3.01 J/K 
C) -0.332 J/K 
D) +0.332 J/K 
E) +2.97 × 10⁵ J/K

Question 6

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph.
  
-How much work,in calories,was done by the gas?

Accepted Answer

A) zero calories 
B) +12 cal 
C) -110 cal 
D) +110 cal 
E) +121 cal 
A) zero calories 
B) +12 cal 
C) -110 cal 
D) +110 cal 
E) +121 cal

Question 7

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A.
  
-What is the pressure of the gas when it is in state B?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 atm 
B) 10 atm 
C) 20 atm 
D) 25 atm 
E) 30 atm 
A) 5 atm 
B) 10 atm 
C) 20 atm 
D) 25 atm 
E) 30 atm

Question 8

Heat is added to a sample of an ideal monatomic gas.Which one of the following statements is necessarily true?

Accepted Answer

A) The gas must expand. 
B) The gas must do work. 
C) The type of change that will occur depends on the conditions of the gas when the heat was added. 
D) The gas must change phase. 
E) The temperature of the gas must increase. 
A) The gas must expand. 
B) The gas must do work. 
C) The type of change that will occur depends on the conditions of the gas when the heat was added. 
D) The gas must change phase. 
E) The temperature of the gas must increase.

Question 9

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A.
  
-What is the net amount of work done after one complete cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) zero joules 
B) 20 J 
C) 40 J 
D) 1000 J 
E) 1340 J 
A) zero joules 
B) 20 J 
C) 40 J 
D) 1000 J 
E) 1340 J

Question 10

A paddle wheel frictionally adds thermal energy to 4.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas in a sealed insulated container.The paddle wheel is driven by a cord connected to a falling object as shown in the drawing.How far has the 5.0-kg object fallen when the temperature of the gas increases by 7.50 K?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.6 m 
B) 9.1 m 
C) 11 m 
D) 13 m 
E) 15 m 
A) 7.6 m 
B) 9.1 m 
C) 11 m 
D) 13 m 
E) 15 m

Question 11

A container holding 1.2 kg of water at 20.0 °C is placed in a freezer that is kept at -20.0 °C.The water freezes and comes into thermal equilibrium with the interior of the freezer.
-How much heat is extracted from the water in this process?

Accepted Answer

A) 48 000 J 
B) 170 000 J 
C) 400 000 J 
D) 550 000 J 
E) 348 000 J 
A) 48 000 J 
B) 170 000 J 
C) 400 000 J 
D) 550 000 J 
E) 348 000 J

Question 12

Enclosed beneath the moveable piston in the drawing is 4.8 moles of a monatomic ideal gas.The gas performs work on the piston as 2300 J of heat are added from the surroundings.During the process,the temperature of the gas decreases by 45 K.How much work does the gas perform?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.0 × 10³ J 
B) 3.2 × 10³ J 
C) 1.4 × 10³ J 
D) 6.0 × 10² J 
E) 4.4 × 10³ J 
A) 5.0 × 10³ J 
B) 3.2 × 10³ J 
C) 1.4 × 10³ J 
D) 6.0 × 10² J 
E) 4.4 × 10³ J

Question 13

In an isothermal process,1.59 moles of an ideal gas is compressed to one-fifth of its initial volume at 285 K.What quantity of heat is added to,or removed from,the system during this process?

Accepted Answer

A) 133 J added 
B) 3020 J added 
C) 1070 J removed 
D) 6060 J removed 
E) 8880 J removed 
A) 133 J added 
B) 3020 J added 
C) 1070 J removed 
D) 6060 J removed 
E) 8880 J removed

Question 14

A heat engine operates between a hot reservoir at 1500 K and a cold reservoir at 500 K.During each cycle,1.0 × 10⁵ J of heat is removed from the hot reservoir and 5.0 × 10⁴ J of work is performed.
-A heat pump is found to remove 2400 J of heat from the exterior of a house and deliver 3500 J of heat to the interior of the house.What is the coefficient of performance of the heat pump?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.5 
B) 3.2 
C) 2.7 
D) 3.9 
E) 2.2 
A) 1.5 
B) 3.2 
C) 2.7 
D) 3.9 
E) 2.2

Question 15

Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A) heat is a form of energy. 
B) entropy is a function of state. 
C) the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
D) the change in the internal energy of a system is given by   - W. 
E) no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures. 
A) heat is a form of energy. 
B) entropy is a function of state. 
C) the entropy of the universe is increasing. 
D) the change in the internal energy of a system is given by   - W. 
E) no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.

Question 16

Beneath the moveable piston in the drawing,2.25 moles of a monatomic ideal gas is enclosed at 314 K.The initial volume of the gas is 3.0 m³.The gas is compressed isothermally to a final volume of 1.0 m³.How much heat is removed from the gas during this process?

Accepted Answer

A) -6450 J 
B) -4300 J 
C) -2900 J 
D) -1450 J 
E) zero joules 
A) -6450 J 
B) -4300 J 
C) -2900 J 
D) -1450 J 
E) zero joules

Question 17

Which one of the following pressure-volume graphs represents an isochoric process?

Accepted Answer

A) (
A)  
B) (
B)  
C) (
C)  
D) (
D)  
E) (
E)  
A) (
A)  
B) (
B)  
C) (
C)  
D) (
D)  
E) (
E)

Question 18

An ideal monatomic gas undergoes an adiabatic process;and its internal energy decreases by 50 J.Which pair of choices below is correct for this process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ideal monatomic gas undergoes an adiabatic...

Question 19

A thermally isolated sample of an ideal gas at a fixed temperature is confined to one half of a container by an impermeable membrane.The other half of the container is evacuated.The membrane is then pierced and the gas is allowed to expand freely and to double its volume as shown.Which one of the following statements is true concerning this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The process is reversible. 
B) This is an isothermal process. 
C) The entropy of the gas decreases. 
D) The internal energy of the gas must decrease. 
E) The temperature of the gas decreases to one-half of its original value. 
A) The process is reversible. 
B) This is an isothermal process. 
C) The entropy of the gas decreases. 
D) The internal energy of the gas must decrease. 
E) The temperature of the gas decreases to one-half of its original value.

Question 20

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph.
  
-Suppose that the same gas is originally in state A as described above,but its volume is increased isothermally until a new volume of 3.0 liters is reached.Which one of the following statements for this isothermal process is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The change in the internal energy is zero. 
B) The final state of the system will still be B. 
C) The work done will be smaller for the isothermal process. 
D) The heat added will be smaller for the isothermal process. 
E) The heat added for the isothermal process will be equal to the work done. 
A) The change in the internal energy is zero. 
B) The final state of the system will still be B. 
C) The work done will be smaller for the isothermal process. 
D) The heat added will be smaller for the isothermal process. 
E) The heat added for the isothermal process will be equal to the work done.

A Carnot heat engine is to be designed with an efficiency of 81%.If the low temperature reservoir is 25 °C,what is the temperature of the "hot" reservoir?

Determine the quantity of heat added to 2.8 moles of the ideal gas argon if the temperature increases from 75 °C to 225 °C during an isobaric process.Note: The molar specific heats of argon are C_V = 3.0 cal/K·mol and C_P = 5.0 cal/K·mol.

In an isothermal and reversible process,945 J of heat is removed from a system and transferred to the surroundings.The temperature is 314 K.What is the change in entropy of the system?

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph. -How much work,in calories,was done by the gas?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the pressure of the gas when it is in state B?

Heat is added to a sample of an ideal monatomic gas.Which one of the following statements is necessarily true?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the net amount of work done after one complete cycle?

A paddle wheel frictionally adds thermal energy to 4.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas in a sealed insulated container.The paddle wheel is driven by a cord connected to a falling object as shown in the drawing.How far has the 5.0-kg object fallen when the temperature of the gas increases by 7.50 K?

A container holding 1.2 kg of water at 20.0 °C is placed in a freezer that is kept at -20.0 °C.The water freezes and comes into thermal equilibrium with the interior of the freezer. -How much heat is extracted from the water in this process?

Enclosed beneath the moveable piston in the drawing is 4.8 moles of a monatomic ideal gas.The gas performs work on the piston as 2300 J of heat are added from the surroundings.During the process,the temperature of the gas decreases by 45 K.How much work does the gas perform?

In an isothermal process,1.59 moles of an ideal gas is compressed to one-fifth of its initial volume at 285 K.What quantity of heat is added to,or removed from,the system during this process?

Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that

Beneath the moveable piston in the drawing,2.25 moles of a monatomic ideal gas is enclosed at 314 K.The initial volume of the gas is 3.0 m³.The gas is compressed isothermally to a final volume of 1.0 m³.How much heat is removed from the gas during this process?

Which one of the following pressure-volume graphs represents an isochoric process?

An ideal monatomic gas undergoes an adiabatic process;and its internal energy decreases by 50 J.Which pair of choices below is correct for this process?

Fluids

The Transfer of Heat

The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena

Electric Circuits

Electromagnetic Induction

The Refl Ection of Light: Mirrors

The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Particles and Waves

Filters

Exam 15: Thermodynamics

A Carnot heat engine is to be designed with an efficiency of 81%.If the low temperature reservoir is 25 °C,what is the temperature of the "hot" reservoir?

Determine the quantity of heat added to 2.8 moles of the ideal gas argon if the temperature increases from 75 °C to 225 °C during an isobaric process.Note: The molar specific heats of argon are CV = 3.0 cal/K·mol and CP = 5.0 cal/K·mol.

In an isothermal and reversible process,945 J of heat is removed from a system and transferred to the surroundings.The temperature is 314 K.What is the change in entropy of the system?

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph. -How much work,in calories,was done by the gas?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the pressure of the gas when it is in state B?

Heat is added to a sample of an ideal monatomic gas.Which one of the following statements is necessarily true?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the net amount of work done after one complete cycle?

A paddle wheel frictionally adds thermal energy to 4.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas in a sealed insulated container.The paddle wheel is driven by a cord connected to a falling object as shown in the drawing.How far has the 5.0-kg object fallen when the temperature of the gas increases by 7.50 K?

A container holding 1.2 kg of water at 20.0 °C is placed in a freezer that is kept at -20.0 °C.The water freezes and comes into thermal equilibrium with the interior of the freezer. -How much heat is extracted from the water in this process?

Enclosed beneath the moveable piston in the drawing is 4.8 moles of a monatomic ideal gas.The gas performs work on the piston as 2300 J of heat are added from the surroundings.During the process,the temperature of the gas decreases by 45 K.How much work does the gas perform?

In an isothermal process,1.59 moles of an ideal gas is compressed to one-fifth of its initial volume at 285 K.What quantity of heat is added to,or removed from,the system during this process?

Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that

Beneath the moveable piston in the drawing,2.25 moles of a monatomic ideal gas is enclosed at 314 K.The initial volume of the gas is 3.0 m³.The gas is compressed isothermally to a final volume of 1.0 m³.How much heat is removed from the gas during this process?

Which one of the following pressure-volume graphs represents an isochoric process?

An ideal monatomic gas undergoes an adiabatic process;and its internal energy decreases by 50 J.Which pair of choices below is correct for this process?

Fluids

The Transfer of Heat

The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena

Electric Circuits

Electromagnetic Induction

The Refl Ection of Light: Mirrors

The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Particles and Waves

Filters

Determine the quantity of heat added to 2.8 moles of the ideal gas argon if the temperature increases from 75 °C to 225 °C during an isobaric process.Note: The molar specific heats of argon are C_V = 3.0 cal/K·mol and C_P = 5.0 cal/K·mol.