Question 1

In which one of these processes will there be no net change in the entropy of the system?

Accepted Answer

A) the growth of a microorganism 
B) the fusion of a crystalline solid 
C) the heating of water in an open container 
D) the combustion of fuel in a machine engine 
E) the evaporation and condensation of benzene in a closed vessel 
A) the growth of a microorganism 
B) the fusion of a crystalline solid 
C) the heating of water in an open container 
D) the combustion of fuel in a machine engine 
E) the evaporation and condensation of benzene in a closed vessel E

Question 2

5.00 kg of liquid water is heated to 100.0 °C in a closed system.At this temperature,the density of liquid water is 958 kg/m³.The pressure is maintained at atmospheric pressure of 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa.A moveable piston of negligible weight rests on the surface of the water.The water is then converted to steam by adding an additional amount of heat to the system.When all of the water is converted,the final volume of the steam is 8.50 m³.The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2.26 × 10⁶ J/kg.
  
-How much heat is added to the system in the isothermal process of converting all of the water into steam?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.17 × 10³ J 
B) 1.70 × 10⁴ J 
C) 4.52 × 10⁵ J 
D) 3.78 × 10⁶ J 
E) 1.13 × 10⁷ J 
A) 2.17 × 10³ J 
B) 1.70 × 10⁴ J 
C) 4.52 × 10⁵ J 
D) 3.78 × 10⁶ J 
E) 1.13 × 10⁷ J E

Question 3

A block that slides on a rough surface slows down and eventually stops.The reverse process never occurs.That is,a block at rest never begins to move and accelerate on a rough surface without the action of an external agent.The second situation is forbidden because it would violate

Accepted Answer

A) conservation of total energy. 
B) conservation of momentum. 
C) the first law of thermodynamics. 
D) the second law of thermodynamics. 
E) both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 
A) conservation of total energy. 
B) conservation of momentum. 
C) the first law of thermodynamics. 
D) the second law of thermodynamics. 
E) both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. D

Question 4

Two moles of an ideal gas have an initial Kelvin temperature Tᵢ and absolute pressure Pᵢ.The gas undergoes a reversible isothermal compression from an initial volume Vᵢ to a final volume 0.5Vᵢ.
-What is the change in entropy of the sample?

Accepted Answer

A) +8.31 (ln 2)J/K 
B) -8.31 (ln 2)J/K 
C) +16.62 (ln 2)J/K 
D) -16.62 (ln 2)J/K 
E) zero J/K 
A) +8.31 (ln 2)J/K 
B) -8.31 (ln 2)J/K 
C) +16.62 (ln 2)J/K 
D) -16.62 (ln 2)J/K 
E) zero J/K

Question 5

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A.
  
-What is the internal energy of the gas at point B?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 × 10³ J 
B) 2 × 10³ J 
C) 3 × 10³ J 
D) 4 × 10³ J 
E) 5 × 10³ J 
A) 1 × 10³ J 
B) 2 × 10³ J 
C) 3 × 10³ J 
D) 4 × 10³ J 
E) 5 × 10³ J

Question 6

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed adiabatically.Which entry in the table below correctly indicates the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A fixed amount of ideal gas is...

Question 7

During one stage of a reversible process,the temperature of an ideal gas remains constant as its volume is decreased.Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The process is adiabatic. 
B) The pressure of the gas decreases in this process. 
C) Heat flows out of the gas and into the surroundings. 
D) The gas does "positive" work on its surroundings. 
E) The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases. 
A) The process is adiabatic. 
B) The pressure of the gas decreases in this process. 
C) Heat flows out of the gas and into the surroundings. 
D) The gas does "positive" work on its surroundings. 
E) The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases.

Question 8

When the gas enclosed beneath the piston shown in the figure receives 2170 J of heat, ,from its surroundings,it performs 2840 J of work in raising the piston.What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

Accepted Answer

A) +670 J 
B) -670 J 
C) -5010 J 
D) +5010 J 
E) zero joules 
A) +670 J 
B) -670 J 
C) -5010 J 
D) +5010 J 
E) zero joules

Question 9

Complete the following statement: Walls that separate a system from its surroundings and permit heat to flow through them are called

Accepted Answer

A) diathermal walls. 
B) adiabatic walls. 
C) entropic walls. 
D) isobaric walls. 
E) isochoric walls. 
A) diathermal walls. 
B) adiabatic walls. 
C) entropic walls. 
D) isobaric walls. 
E) isochoric walls.

Question 10

An ideal monatomic gas expands isobarically from state A to state B.It is then compressed isothermally from state B to state C and finally cooled at constant volume until it returns to its initial state A.
  
-How much work is done by the gas in expanding isobarically from A to B?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 × 10³ J 
B) 2 × 10³ J 
C) 3 × 10³ J 
D) 4 × 10³ J 
E) 5 × 10³ J 
A) 1 × 10³ J 
B) 2 × 10³ J 
C) 3 × 10³ J 
D) 4 × 10³ J 
E) 5 × 10³ J

Question 11

A container is divided into two chambers that are separated by a valve.The left chamber contains one mole of a monatomic ideal gas.The right chamber is evacuated.At some instant,the valve is opened and the gas rushes freely into the right chamber.Which one of the following statements concerning this process is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Work is done by the gas. 
B) The temperature of the gas decreases. 
C) The change in the entropy of the gas is zero. 
D) The walls of the containing vessel must get colder. 
E) The change in the internal energy of the gas is zero. 
A) Work is done by the gas. 
B) The temperature of the gas decreases. 
C) The change in the entropy of the gas is zero. 
D) The walls of the containing vessel must get colder. 
E) The change in the internal energy of the gas is zero.

Question 12

An engine is used to lift a 2700-kg truck to a height of 3.0 m at constant speed.In the lifting process,the engine received 4.18 × 10⁵ J of heat from the fuel burned in its interior.What is the efficiency of the engine?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.19 
B) 0.24 
C) 0.29 
D) 0.34 
E) 0.39 
A) 0.19 
B) 0.24 
C) 0.29 
D) 0.34 
E) 0.39

Question 13

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph.
  
-How much heat,in calories,was exchanged during this process?

Accepted Answer

A) -110 cal 
B) -12 cal 
C) zero calories 
D) +121 cal 
E) +231 cal 
A) -110 cal 
B) -12 cal 
C) zero calories 
D) +121 cal 
E) +231 cal

Question 14

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A.
  
-How much work is done on the gas as it is compressed isobarically from state C to state D?

Accepted Answer

A) zero joules 
B) 50 J 
C) 100 J 
D) 200 J 
E) 400 J 
A) zero joules 
B) 50 J 
C) 100 J 
D) 200 J 
E) 400 J

Question 15

An isobaric process is represented on a pressure-volume graph by which one of the following curves?

Accepted Answer

A) a parabola 
B) a hyperbola 
C) a vertical line 
D) a circle 
E) a horizontal line 
A) a parabola 
B) a hyperbola 
C) a vertical line 
D) a circle 
E) a horizontal line

Question 16

Neon is a monatomic gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume of 12.66 J/(mol · K).Two moles of neon gas enclosed in a constant volume system receive 4250 J of heat.If the gas was initially at 293 K,what is the final temperature of the neon?

Accepted Answer

A) 3400 K 
B) 400 K 
C) 460 K 
D) 520 K 
E) 600 K 
A) 3400 K 
B) 400 K 
C) 460 K 
D) 520 K 
E) 600 K

Question 17

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed isothermally.Which entry in the table below correctly depicts the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A fixed amount of ideal gas is...

Question 18

What is the maximum possible efficiency of an engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of water at sea level?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.27 
B) 0.49 
C) 0.61 
D) 0.85 
E) 1.0 
A) 0.27 
B) 0.49 
C) 0.61 
D) 0.85 
E) 1.0

Question 19

Which one of the following situations is a direct application of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) Block A has twice the temperature of block B before they are brought into contact.Upon contact,heat flows from block A to block B. 
B) A sample of gas within a cylinder with a piston is held at constant temperature and pressure while it is allowed to expand.During this process,the gas absorbs heat from its surroundings. 
C) The motor of a refrigerator uses electric energy to remove heat from inside the refrigerator and transfer it to the room. 
D) A physicist removes energy from a system in her laboratory until it reaches a temperature of 3 × 10-¹⁰ K,a temperature very close to (but still greater than)absolute zero. 
E) A thermometer is calibrated by placing it in an ice water bath within an adiabatic container until the thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with the ice water. 
A) Block A has twice the temperature of block B before they are brought into contact.Upon contact,heat flows from block A to block B. 
B) A sample of gas within a cylinder with a piston is held at constant temperature and pressure while it is allowed to expand.During this process,the gas absorbs heat from its surroundings. 
C) The motor of a refrigerator uses electric energy to remove heat from inside the refrigerator and transfer it to the room. 
D) A physicist removes energy from a system in her laboratory until it reaches a temperature of 3 × 10-¹⁰ K,a temperature very close to (but still greater than)absolute zero. 
E) A thermometer is calibrated by placing it in an ice water bath within an adiabatic container until the thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with the ice water.

Question 20

A Carnot engine operates between hot and cold reservoirs with temperatures 527 °C and -73.0 °C,respectively.If the engine performs 1000.0 J of work per cycle,how much heat is extracted per cycle from the hot reservoir?

Accepted Answer

A) 878 J 
B) 1333 J 
C) 1163 J 
D) 1527 J 
E) 2010 J 
A) 878 J 
B) 1333 J 
C) 1163 J 
D) 1527 J 
E) 2010 J

In which one of these processes will there be no net change in the entropy of the system?

A block that slides on a rough surface slows down and eventually stops.The reverse process never occurs.That is,a block at rest never begins to move and accelerate on a rough surface without the action of an external agent.The second situation is forbidden because it would violate

Two moles of an ideal gas have an initial Kelvin temperature Tᵢ and absolute pressure Pᵢ.The gas undergoes a reversible isothermal compression from an initial volume Vᵢ to a final volume 0.5Vᵢ. -What is the change in entropy of the sample?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the internal energy of the gas at point B?

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed adiabatically.Which entry in the table below correctly indicates the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

During one stage of a reversible process,the temperature of an ideal gas remains constant as its volume is decreased.Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true?

When the gas enclosed beneath the piston shown in the figure receives 2170 J of heat,,from its surroundings,it performs 2840 J of work in raising the piston.What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

Complete the following statement: Walls that separate a system from its surroundings and permit heat to flow through them are called

An ideal monatomic gas expands isobarically from state A to state B.It is then compressed isothermally from state B to state C and finally cooled at constant volume until it returns to its initial state A. -How much work is done by the gas in expanding isobarically from A to B?

An engine is used to lift a 2700-kg truck to a height of 3.0 m at constant speed.In the lifting process,the engine received 4.18 × 10⁵ J of heat from the fuel burned in its interior.What is the efficiency of the engine?

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph. -How much heat,in calories,was exchanged during this process?

An isobaric process is represented on a pressure-volume graph by which one of the following curves?

Neon is a monatomic gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume of 12.66 J/(mol · K).Two moles of neon gas enclosed in a constant volume system receive 4250 J of heat.If the gas was initially at 293 K,what is the final temperature of the neon?

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed isothermally.Which entry in the table below correctly depicts the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

What is the maximum possible efficiency of an engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of water at sea level?

Which one of the following situations is a direct application of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

A Carnot engine operates between hot and cold reservoirs with temperatures 527 °C and -73.0 °C,respectively.If the engine performs 1000.0 J of work per cycle,how much heat is extracted per cycle from the hot reservoir?

Fluids

The Transfer of Heat

The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena

Electric Circuits

Electromagnetic Induction

The Refl Ection of Light: Mirrors

The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Particles and Waves

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Exam 15: Thermodynamics

In which one of these processes will there be no net change in the entropy of the system?

A block that slides on a rough surface slows down and eventually stops.The reverse process never occurs.That is,a block at rest never begins to move and accelerate on a rough surface without the action of an external agent.The second situation is forbidden because it would violate

Two moles of an ideal gas have an initial Kelvin temperature Tᵢ and absolute pressure Pᵢ.The gas undergoes a reversible isothermal compression from an initial volume Vᵢ to a final volume 0.5Vᵢ. -What is the change in entropy of the sample?

An ideal monatomic gas expands isothermally from state A to state B.The gas then cools at constant volume to state C.The gas is then compressed isobarically to D before it is heated until it returns to state A. -What is the internal energy of the gas at point B?

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed adiabatically.Which entry in the table below correctly indicates the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

During one stage of a reversible process,the temperature of an ideal gas remains constant as its volume is decreased.Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true?

When the gas enclosed beneath the piston shown in the figure receives 2170 J of heat,,from its surroundings,it performs 2840 J of work in raising the piston.What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

Complete the following statement: Walls that separate a system from its surroundings and permit heat to flow through them are called

An ideal monatomic gas expands isobarically from state A to state B.It is then compressed isothermally from state B to state C and finally cooled at constant volume until it returns to its initial state A. -How much work is done by the gas in expanding isobarically from A to B?

An engine is used to lift a 2700-kg truck to a height of 3.0 m at constant speed.In the lifting process,the engine received 4.18 × 10⁵ J of heat from the fuel burned in its interior.What is the efficiency of the engine?

An ideal monatomic gas originally in state A is taken reversibly to state B along the straight-line path shown in the pressure-volume graph. -How much heat,in calories,was exchanged during this process?

An isobaric process is represented on a pressure-volume graph by which one of the following curves?

Neon is a monatomic gas with a molar heat capacity at constant volume of 12.66 J/(mol · K).Two moles of neon gas enclosed in a constant volume system receive 4250 J of heat.If the gas was initially at 293 K,what is the final temperature of the neon?

A fixed amount of ideal gas is compressed isothermally.Which entry in the table below correctly depicts the sign of the work done,the change in the internal energy,and the heat exchanged with the environment?

What is the maximum possible efficiency of an engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of water at sea level?

Which one of the following situations is a direct application of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

A Carnot engine operates between hot and cold reservoirs with temperatures 527 °C and -73.0 °C,respectively.If the engine performs 1000.0 J of work per cycle,how much heat is extracted per cycle from the hot reservoir?

Fluids

The Transfer of Heat

The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory

The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena

Electric Circuits

Electromagnetic Induction

The Refl Ection of Light: Mirrors

The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments

Particles and Waves

Filters