Question 1

Which of these statements describes the apneustic centre

Accepted Answer

A) It is located in the medulla. 
B) It stimulates the inspiratory neurons. 
C) It inhibits inspiratory activity. 
D) It is located in the midbrain. 
A) It is located in the medulla. 
B) It stimulates the inspiratory neurons. 
C) It inhibits inspiratory activity. 
D) It is located in the midbrain.

Question 2

Which of these statements does NOT describe hypercapnia

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to excess CO₂ in the arterial blood. 
B) It is seen with most pulmonary diseases. 
C) It may be caused by hypoventilation. 
D) It occurs when CO₂ is blown off to the atmosphere at a rate faster than it is being produced by the tissues. 
A) It refers to excess CO₂ in the arterial blood. 
B) It is seen with most pulmonary diseases. 
C) It may be caused by hypoventilation. 
D) It occurs when CO₂ is blown off to the atmosphere at a rate faster than it is being produced by the tissues.

Question 3

What does it mean to say that haemoglobin is fully saturated

Accepted Answer

A) There is an oxygen molecule attached to each of the four heme groups. 
B) Oxygen is attached to both the heme and the globin portions of the molecule. 
C) Red blood cells contain as many haemoglobin molecules as possible. 
D) Haemoglobin is carrying both oxygen and carbon dioxide simultaneously. 
A) There is an oxygen molecule attached to each of the four heme groups. 
B) Oxygen is attached to both the heme and the globin portions of the molecule. 
C) Red blood cells contain as many haemoglobin molecules as possible. 
D) Haemoglobin is carrying both oxygen and carbon dioxide simultaneously.

Question 4

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-the effect of emphysema on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs

Accepted Answer

A) This change would increase the rate of gas transfer. 
B) This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer. 
C) This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer. 
A) This change would increase the rate of gas transfer. 
B) This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer. 
C) This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer.

Question 5

Intrapleural pressure is negative to maintain lung inflation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The ____________________ effect refers to the reduced affinity of Hb for O₂ in the presence of increased CO₂ and H⁺.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ effect refers to the reduced...

Question 7

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Accepted Answer

A) It is secreted by Type II alveolar cells. 
B) It is deficient in newborn respiratory distress syndrome. 
C) It promotes elastic recoil of the lungs. 
D) The cohesive force between a water molecule and an adjacent pulmonary surfactant molecule is much lower than the cohesive force between two adjacent water molecules. 
A) It is secreted by Type II alveolar cells. 
B) It is deficient in newborn respiratory distress syndrome. 
C) It promotes elastic recoil of the lungs. 
D) The cohesive force between a water molecule and an adjacent pulmonary surfactant molecule is much lower than the cohesive force between two adjacent water molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT occur when blood flow to an area of the lungs is reduced but the area receives normal air flow

Accepted Answer

A) The concentration of CO₂ in this area decreases. 
B) The change in CO₂ concentration causes the smooth muscles of the local airways to relax. 
C) The change in CO₂ concentration leads to increased resistance of local airways. 
D) The change in O₂ concentration leads to dilation of local blood vessels. 
A) The concentration of CO₂ in this area decreases. 
B) The change in CO₂ concentration causes the smooth muscles of the local airways to relax. 
C) The change in CO₂ concentration leads to increased resistance of local airways. 
D) The change in O₂ concentration leads to dilation of local blood vessels.

Question 9

Which of these conditions occurs when outward airflow has ceased at the end of a normal expiration

Accepted Answer

A) Intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. 
B) Intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C) Intra-alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D) Intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
A) Intra-alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. 
B) Intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 
C) Intra-alveolar pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D) Intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Question 10

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Accepted Answer

A) It is secreted by Type I alveolar cells. 
B) It decreases surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli. 
C) It resists elastic recoil of the lungs. 
D) It is a lipoprotein. 
A) It is secreted by Type I alveolar cells. 
B) It decreases surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli. 
C) It resists elastic recoil of the lungs. 
D) It is a lipoprotein.

Question 11

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-the effect of increased metabolism of a cell on O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the cell and blood

Accepted Answer

A) This change would increase the rate of gas transfer. 
B) This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer. 
C) This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer. 
A) This change would increase the rate of gas transfer. 
B) This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer. 
C) This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer.

Question 12

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

Accepted Answer

A) vital capacity 
B) respiratory rate 
C) FEV1 
D) tidal volume 
E) residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume 
A) vital capacity 
B) respiratory rate 
C) FEV1 
D) tidal volume 
E) residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Question 13

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Alveolar partial pressures do not fluctuate to any extent between inspiration and expiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in a single breath is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The maximum volume of air that can...

Question 16

Which of these statements describes vital capacity

Accepted Answer

A) the volume normally entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath 
B) the minimum volume the lungs can hold 
C) the maximum volume the lungs can hold 
D) the maximum volume that can be moved in or out during a single breath 
A) the volume normally entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath 
B) the minimum volume the lungs can hold 
C) the maximum volume the lungs can hold 
D) the maximum volume that can be moved in or out during a single breath

Question 17

The pleural cavity normally is not in direct communication with the lungs or atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The quantity of O₂ that will diffuse between the alveolar air and pulmonary blood depends solely on the partial pressure gradients that exist between the alveoli and the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-high altitude

Accepted Answer

A) anaemic hypoxia 
B) circulatory hypoxia 
C) histotoxic hypoxia 
D) hypoxic hypoxia 
A) anaemic hypoxia 
B) circulatory hypoxia 
C) histotoxic hypoxia 
D) hypoxic hypoxia

Question 20

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally have more trouble exhaling than inhaling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of these statements describes the apneustic centre

Which of these statements does NOT describe hypercapnia

What does it mean to say that haemoglobin is fully saturated

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -the effect of emphysema on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs

Intrapleural pressure is negative to maintain lung inflation.

The ____________________ effect refers to the reduced affinity of Hb for O₂ in the presence of increased CO₂ and H⁺.

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Which of the following does NOT occur when blood flow to an area of the lungs is reduced but the area receives normal air flow

Which of these conditions occurs when outward airflow has ceased at the end of a normal expiration

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -the effect of increased metabolism of a cell on O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the cell and blood

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Alveolar partial pressures do not fluctuate to any extent between inspiration and expiration.

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in a single breath is known as the ____________________.

Which of these statements describes vital capacity

The pleural cavity normally is not in direct communication with the lungs or atmosphere.

The quantity of O₂ that will diffuse between the alveolar air and pulmonary blood depends solely on the partial pressure gradients that exist between the alveoli and the blood.

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -high altitude

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally have more trouble exhaling than inhaling.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

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Exam 12: The Respiratory System

Which of these statements describes the apneustic centre

Which of these statements does NOT describe hypercapnia

What does it mean to say that haemoglobin is fully saturated

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -the effect of emphysema on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs

Intrapleural pressure is negative to maintain lung inflation.

The ____________________ effect refers to the reduced affinity of Hb for O₂ in the presence of increased CO₂ and H⁺.

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Which of the following does NOT occur when blood flow to an area of the lungs is reduced but the area receives normal air flow

Which of these conditions occurs when outward airflow has ceased at the end of a normal expiration

Which of these statements does NOT describe pulmonary surfactant

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -the effect of increased metabolism of a cell on O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the cell and blood

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

The inspiratory and expiratory neurons both display pacemaker activity.

Alveolar partial pressures do not fluctuate to any extent between inspiration and expiration.

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in a single breath is known as the ____________________.

Which of these statements describes vital capacity

The pleural cavity normally is not in direct communication with the lungs or atmosphere.

The quantity of O₂ that will diffuse between the alveolar air and pulmonary blood depends solely on the partial pressure gradients that exist between the alveoli and the blood.

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -high altitude

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease generally have more trouble exhaling than inhaling.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters