Question 1

For more than 60 years,the city of Milwaukee,Wisconsin,has been selling its processed and sterile sludge as Milorganite® using the process of

Accepted Answer

A) pasteurization. 
B) composting. 
C) centrifugation. 
D) anaerobic digestion. 
A) pasteurization. 
B) composting. 
C) centrifugation. 
D) anaerobic digestion.

Question 2

None of the three most popular methods for treating sludge and converting it into fertilizer is able to produce a final treated product that is

Accepted Answer

A) biodegradable. 
B) sterile. 
C) able to be used as a fertilizer. 
D) free of heavy metals and non-biodegradable toxins. 
A) biodegradable. 
B) sterile. 
C) able to be used as a fertilizer. 
D) free of heavy metals and non-biodegradable toxins.

Question 3

Although the use of wastewater effluents for irrigation can be very beneficial,it is essential that the effluents are

Accepted Answer

A) treated and free of pathogens. 
B) mixed in with large amounts of phosphorus. 
C) mixed in with large amounts of calcium carbonate. 
D) not used in regions contacted by humans. 
A) treated and free of pathogens. 
B) mixed in with large amounts of phosphorus. 
C) mixed in with large amounts of calcium carbonate. 
D) not used in regions contacted by humans.

Question 4

Duckweed is a small,flowering plant that floats at the water's surface.It tends to grow best when nutrient levels are high.When duckweed is abundant,it forms tight mats that cover the surface of ponds and lakes.Consider a situation in which spring storms bring an influx of water and nutrients into a small 4-acre pond,and duckweed populations suddenly explode.Duckweed covers nearly all the surface of the pond,but is regularly washed over the spillway only to be replaced rapidly by the growth of new duckweed plants.
-In this pond,experiencing cultural eutrophication,the growth of this duckweed will

Accepted Answer

A) add nutrients to the pond and encourage the growth of phytoplankton. 
B) remove nutrients from the pond and encourage the growth of phytoplankton. 
C) add nutrients to the pond and slow the growth of phytoplankton. 
D) remove nutrients from the pond and slow the growth of phytoplankton. 
A) add nutrients to the pond and encourage the growth of phytoplankton. 
B) remove nutrients from the pond and encourage the growth of phytoplankton. 
C) add nutrients to the pond and slow the growth of phytoplankton. 
D) remove nutrients from the pond and slow the growth of phytoplankton.

Question 5

The main difference between natural eutrophication and damaging cultural eutrophication is that in cultural eutrophication,the

Accepted Answer

A) speed of nutrient enrichment is faster. 
B) oxygen levels tend to be higher. 
C) water tends to be clearer. 
D) submerged aquatic vegetation is completely suppressed. 
A) speed of nutrient enrichment is faster. 
B) oxygen levels tend to be higher. 
C) water tends to be clearer. 
D) submerged aquatic vegetation is completely suppressed.

Question 6

Adding fertilizer to most aquatic systems results in

Accepted Answer

A) increased growth of phytoplankton and hypoxic conditions. 
B) increased growth of phytoplankton and hyperoxic conditions. 
C) decreased growth of phytoplankton and hypoxic conditions. 
D) decreased growth of phytoplankton and hyperoxic conditions. 
A) increased growth of phytoplankton and hypoxic conditions. 
B) increased growth of phytoplankton and hyperoxic conditions. 
C) decreased growth of phytoplankton and hypoxic conditions. 
D) decreased growth of phytoplankton and hyperoxic conditions.

Question 7

About 100 meters downstream of a raw sewage discharge outlet we would expect to find

Accepted Answer

A) cloudy water,low levels of oxygen,and few,if any,fish. 
B) cloudy water,high levels of oxygen,and abundant fish. 
C) clear water,low levels of oxygen,and few,if any,fish. 
D) clear water,high levels of oxygen,and abundant fish. 
A) cloudy water,low levels of oxygen,and few,if any,fish. 
B) cloudy water,high levels of oxygen,and abundant fish. 
C) clear water,low levels of oxygen,and few,if any,fish. 
D) clear water,high levels of oxygen,and abundant fish.

Question 8

Which one of the following represents a way to reduce point-source pollution contributing to cultural eutrophication?

Accepted Answer

A) increase the use of vegetated waterways 
B) increase the use of contour farming and crop rotation 
C) remove nutrients from sewage-treatment effluents 
D) include runoff detention ponds in subdivisions 
A) increase the use of vegetated waterways 
B) increase the use of contour farming and crop rotation 
C) remove nutrients from sewage-treatment effluents 
D) include runoff detention ponds in subdivisions

Question 9

Some people become alarmed when they learn that the water they drink contains known carcinogens.These concerned people

Accepted Answer

A) are rightly alarmed,because all municipal drinking water should be free of any carcinogens. 
B) should be somewhat alarmed,but might be comforted by knowing that some of these carcinogens are only known to cause cancer in mice. 
C) should know that it is the concentration,and not the presence of carcinogens,that is of greatest concern. 
D) should not be concerned,because it is the combination of carcinogens,and not the presence of any one carcinogen,that poses a health risk. 
A) are rightly alarmed,because all municipal drinking water should be free of any carcinogens. 
B) should be somewhat alarmed,but might be comforted by knowing that some of these carcinogens are only known to cause cancer in mice. 
C) should know that it is the concentration,and not the presence of carcinogens,that is of greatest concern. 
D) should not be concerned,because it is the combination of carcinogens,and not the presence of any one carcinogen,that poses a health risk.

Question 10

Several students are discussing the role of governments and their ability to address major problems.With your experiences in environmental science,you speak up and note that one way the U.S.federal government has impacted our lives is by passing landmark legislation dramatically improving the quality of natural waterways.In fact,in 1972,one of the most important environmental laws ever passed was the

Accepted Answer

A) Lakes,Rivers,and Streams Act. 
B) Water Pollution Control Act. 
C) Rivers and Harbors Act. 
D) Clean Water Act. 
A) Lakes,Rivers,and Streams Act. 
B) Water Pollution Control Act. 
C) Rivers and Harbors Act. 
D) Clean Water Act.

Question 11

About one hundred years ago,cities began to address the problems of sewage disposal by dumping sewage into nearby rivers via storm water drainage systems.One of the results of this strategy was that

Accepted Answer

A) cities no longer needed to treat drinking water that was drawn from nearby river systems. 
B) the quality of the water in the local rivers and streams greatly improved. 
C) people living upriver of these cities were more likely to experience contamination of their drinking water sources. 
D) people living downriver of these cities were more likely to experience contamination of their drinking water sources. 
A) cities no longer needed to treat drinking water that was drawn from nearby river systems. 
B) the quality of the water in the local rivers and streams greatly improved. 
C) people living upriver of these cities were more likely to experience contamination of their drinking water sources. 
D) people living downriver of these cities were more likely to experience contamination of their drinking water sources.

Question 12

Composting toilet systems require

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic bacteria. 
B) anaerobic bacteria. 
C) large fungal colonies. 
D) large volumes of water. 
A) aerobic bacteria. 
B) anaerobic bacteria. 
C) large fungal colonies. 
D) large volumes of water.

Question 13

People with home septic systems often flush several cups of a powdered substance down their toilets every month or two to keep their systems healthy.These powdered substances most likely contain

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria and enzymes that help break down wastes. 
B) chlorine and other disinfectants that help to prevent soil contamination. 
C) chemicals that bind to heavy metals to keep them from leaching into the soil. 
D) acids that help to clean the insides of the walls of the pipes and septic tank. 
A) bacteria and enzymes that help break down wastes. 
B) chlorine and other disinfectants that help to prevent soil contamination. 
C) chemicals that bind to heavy metals to keep them from leaching into the soil. 
D) acids that help to clean the insides of the walls of the pipes and septic tank.

Question 14

Lake Springfield in the city of Springfield,Illinois,is a busy place where people swim and fish.The lake also supplies drinking water for Springfield residents and cooling water to a nearby coal-fired power plant.Beautiful homes surround most of the lake.Over the past 15 years,the bacterium Leptospira,commonly found in agricultural animal waste,has been detected in this lake water,and some people have become sick.The contamination of the lake by Leptospira may best be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A) better control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution of the lake. 
B) doubling the amount of fluoride added to the city's public water supply. 
C) restricting swimming in the lake to only weekends. 
D) requiring the power company to find another source for its cooling water. 
A) better control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution of the lake. 
B) doubling the amount of fluoride added to the city's public water supply. 
C) restricting swimming in the lake to only weekends. 
D) requiring the power company to find another source for its cooling water.

Question 15

In the region surrounding Orlando,Florida,effluent produced by secondary wastewater treatment is

Accepted Answer

A) routed through special oxidizing chambers before entering the St.Johns River system. 
B) routed through wetlands before entering the St.Johns River system. 
C) used to produce drinking water for the city of Orlando. 
D) used for livestock drinking water in the nearby farms. 
A) routed through special oxidizing chambers before entering the St.Johns River system. 
B) routed through wetlands before entering the St.Johns River system. 
C) used to produce drinking water for the city of Orlando. 
D) used for livestock drinking water in the nearby farms.

Question 16

In 1994,because of concerns about cultural eutrophication,laundry detergent manufacturers voluntarily stopped producing detergents that contained

Accepted Answer

A) artificial dyes. 
B) phosphates. 
C) chlorine. 
D) nitrogen 
A) artificial dyes. 
B) phosphates. 
C) chlorine. 
D) nitrogen

Question 17

Which one of the following best illustrates a nonpoint source of pollution?

Accepted Answer

A) oil leaking into the ocean from an oil rig 
B) wastewater from a coal-fired power plant 
C) storm-water drainage from the parking lot around a football stadium 
D) raw sewage released into a river when storm-water overflows a city's sewage treatment facility 
A) oil leaking into the ocean from an oil rig 
B) wastewater from a coal-fired power plant 
C) storm-water drainage from the parking lot around a football stadium 
D) raw sewage released into a river when storm-water overflows a city's sewage treatment facility

Question 18

A well-trained member of the Peace Corps is asked to provide assistance to a village in India that suffers greatly from typhoid fever.The best long-term solution to reduce the cases of this disease in this village is to

Accepted Answer

A) encourage people to always wash their hands using antibacterial soap. 
B) clearly separate their sewage from drinking water sources. 
C) teach the people to cover their coughs and sneezes to avoid disease transmission. 
D) increase the amount of vitamins C and E in the diet of these villagers. 
A) encourage people to always wash their hands using antibacterial soap. 
B) clearly separate their sewage from drinking water sources. 
C) teach the people to cover their coughs and sneezes to avoid disease transmission. 
D) increase the amount of vitamins C and E in the diet of these villagers.

Question 19

A lake that averages 20 feet of water depth experiences extreme eutrophication.In this lake,we would expect to find

Accepted Answer

A) abundant fish,high oxygen levels,and very clear water. 
B) abundant fish,high oxygen levels,but very cloudy water. 
C) fewer fish than usual,lower oxygen levels,and very clear water. 
D) some dead fish,low numbers of living fish,low oxygen levels,and very cloudy water. 
A) abundant fish,high oxygen levels,and very clear water. 
B) abundant fish,high oxygen levels,but very cloudy water. 
C) fewer fish than usual,lower oxygen levels,and very clear water. 
D) some dead fish,low numbers of living fish,low oxygen levels,and very cloudy water.

Question 20

The carrot peelings you send down a garbage disposal represent which of the following types of wastewater pollutant?

Accepted Answer

A) debris and grit 
B) dissolved inorganic material 
C) colloidal and dissolved organic material 
D) particulate organic matter 
A) debris and grit 
B) dissolved inorganic material 
C) colloidal and dissolved organic material 
D) particulate organic matter

For more than 60 years,the city of Milwaukee,Wisconsin,has been selling its processed and sterile sludge as Milorganite® using the process of

None of the three most popular methods for treating sludge and converting it into fertilizer is able to produce a final treated product that is

Although the use of wastewater effluents for irrigation can be very beneficial,it is essential that the effluents are

The main difference between natural eutrophication and damaging cultural eutrophication is that in cultural eutrophication,the

Adding fertilizer to most aquatic systems results in

About 100 meters downstream of a raw sewage discharge outlet we would expect to find

Which one of the following represents a way to reduce point-source pollution contributing to cultural eutrophication?

Some people become alarmed when they learn that the water they drink contains known carcinogens.These concerned people

About one hundred years ago,cities began to address the problems of sewage disposal by dumping sewage into nearby rivers via storm water drainage systems.One of the results of this strategy was that

Composting toilet systems require

People with home septic systems often flush several cups of a powdered substance down their toilets every month or two to keep their systems healthy.These powdered substances most likely contain

In the region surrounding Orlando,Florida,effluent produced by secondary wastewater treatment is

In 1994,because of concerns about cultural eutrophication,laundry detergent manufacturers voluntarily stopped producing detergents that contained

Which one of the following best illustrates a nonpoint source of pollution?

A well-trained member of the Peace Corps is asked to provide assistance to a village in India that suffers greatly from typhoid fever.The best long-term solution to reduce the cases of this disease in this village is to

A lake that averages 20 feet of water depth experiences extreme eutrophication.In this lake,we would expect to find

The carrot peelings you send down a garbage disposal represent which of the following types of wastewater pollutant?

Science and the Environment

Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

Basic Needs of Living Things

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

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Exam 20: Water Pollution and Its Prevention

For more than 60 years,the city of Milwaukee,Wisconsin,has been selling its processed and sterile sludge as Milorganite® using the process of

None of the three most popular methods for treating sludge and converting it into fertilizer is able to produce a final treated product that is

Although the use of wastewater effluents for irrigation can be very beneficial,it is essential that the effluents are

The main difference between natural eutrophication and damaging cultural eutrophication is that in cultural eutrophication,the

Adding fertilizer to most aquatic systems results in

About 100 meters downstream of a raw sewage discharge outlet we would expect to find

Which one of the following represents a way to reduce point-source pollution contributing to cultural eutrophication?

Some people become alarmed when they learn that the water they drink contains known carcinogens.These concerned people

About one hundred years ago,cities began to address the problems of sewage disposal by dumping sewage into nearby rivers via storm water drainage systems.One of the results of this strategy was that

Composting toilet systems require

People with home septic systems often flush several cups of a powdered substance down their toilets every month or two to keep their systems healthy.These powdered substances most likely contain

In the region surrounding Orlando,Florida,effluent produced by secondary wastewater treatment is

In 1994,because of concerns about cultural eutrophication,laundry detergent manufacturers voluntarily stopped producing detergents that contained

Which one of the following best illustrates a nonpoint source of pollution?

A well-trained member of the Peace Corps is asked to provide assistance to a village in India that suffers greatly from typhoid fever.The best long-term solution to reduce the cases of this disease in this village is to

A lake that averages 20 feet of water depth experiences extreme eutrophication.In this lake,we would expect to find

The carrot peelings you send down a garbage disposal represent which of the following types of wastewater pollutant?

Science and the Environment

Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

Basic Needs of Living Things

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

Filters