Question 1

The evolution of a new species is most like

Accepted Answer

A) designing a new home and building it. 
B) remodeling an old home into a new one. 
C) using parts of many junked cars to construct a new one. 
D) creating a virtual car on a computer. 
A) designing a new home and building it. 
B) remodeling an old home into a new one. 
C) using parts of many junked cars to construct a new one. 
D) creating a virtual car on a computer.

Question 2

Two species have separate ranges but use the same food resources.However,their ranges overlap in one area.It is found in the area of overlap the species have evolved separate anatomical specializations that reduce interspecific competition for food.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) biotic transformation. 
B) competitive exclusion. 
C) resource partitioning. 
D) character displacement. 
A) biotic transformation. 
B) competitive exclusion. 
C) resource partitioning. 
D) character displacement.

Question 3

Which of the following is analogous to a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) A basketball player is paid by a company to wear its particular brand of shoes. 
B) A deer hunter stalks and kills a large buck. 
C) A thief breaks into a store and steals some precious jewels. 
D) Young lovers leave their initials carved onto a tree,which then gets diseased and dies. 
A) A basketball player is paid by a company to wear its particular brand of shoes. 
B) A deer hunter stalks and kills a large buck. 
C) A thief breaks into a store and steals some precious jewels. 
D) Young lovers leave their initials carved onto a tree,which then gets diseased and dies.

Question 4

Flea beetles alone are unlikely to eliminate all of the leafy spurge in a region.Instead,the number of leafy spurge plants and the number of flea beetles in a particular community may stabilize.At this point,the leafy spurge and flea beetle populations

Accepted Answer

A) have exhibited exponential growth followed by a crash. 
B) have experienced constant growth. 
C) are still experiencing exponential growth. 
D) are experiencing environmental resistance. 
A) have exhibited exponential growth followed by a crash. 
B) have experienced constant growth. 
C) are still experiencing exponential growth. 
D) are experiencing environmental resistance.

Question 5

The population of game fish in a lake is under heavy fishing pressure.If too many fish are caught,the population will crash and future years of fishing will suffer.The game fish can exhibit logistic growth under certain circumstances.Assuming logistic growth,it would be best to manage this game fish population by permitting the harvesting of just enough fish to keep the game fish population

Accepted Answer

A) at 1/10 of its carrying capacity. 
B) at half its carrying capacity. 
C) at its full carrying capacity. 
D) above its carrying capacity. 
A) at 1/10 of its carrying capacity. 
B) at half its carrying capacity. 
C) at its full carrying capacity. 
D) above its carrying capacity.

Question 6

Invasive species are dangerous because

Accepted Answer

A) they are almost all predators,disturbing ecological relationships by eating other species. 
B) they carry viruses that spread disease in new ecosystems. 
C) the native species have not evolved and adapted to these organisms. 
D) they tend to be secretive,going unnoticed in their new ecosystems. 
A) they are almost all predators,disturbing ecological relationships by eating other species. 
B) they carry viruses that spread disease in new ecosystems. 
C) the native species have not evolved and adapted to these organisms. 
D) they tend to be secretive,going unnoticed in their new ecosystems.

Question 7

A squirrel population in an oak forest in Indiana is limited by hawk predators,the amount of acorns produced annually,nesting sites in the trees,and cold winter temperatures.
-Which of the following is an abiotic factor limiting this squirrel population?

Accepted Answer

A) the hawks in the region 
B) the number of acorns produced annually 
C) the stress of cold winter temperatures 
D) the number of available nesting sites 
A) the hawks in the region 
B) the number of acorns produced annually 
C) the stress of cold winter temperatures 
D) the number of available nesting sites

Question 8

Sustainable populations

Accepted Answer

A) are often near their carrying capacity. 
B) have exceeded their biotic potential. 
C) have grown beyond all types of environmental resistance. 
D) are characterized by high emigration and low recruitment. 
A) are often near their carrying capacity. 
B) have exceeded their biotic potential. 
C) have grown beyond all types of environmental resistance. 
D) are characterized by high emigration and low recruitment.

Question 9

Density-independent factors such as earthquakes and hurricanes are

Accepted Answer

A) abiotic factors that maintain a population near equilibrium. 
B) biotic factors that maintain a population near equilibrium. 
C) abiotic factors that are not involved in maintaining a population near its equilibrium. 
D) biotic factors that are not involved in maintaining a population near its equilibrium. 
A) abiotic factors that maintain a population near equilibrium. 
B) biotic factors that maintain a population near equilibrium. 
C) abiotic factors that are not involved in maintaining a population near its equilibrium. 
D) biotic factors that are not involved in maintaining a population near its equilibrium.

Question 10

Territoriality

Accepted Answer

A) reduces intraspecific fighting and ensures adequate resources for some members of a species. 
B) encourages interspecific fighting and helps share density-independent resources. 
C) encourages predation and reduces intraspecific competition. 
D) is more likely in r-selected species with short life spans and many offspring. 
A) reduces intraspecific fighting and ensures adequate resources for some members of a species. 
B) encourages interspecific fighting and helps share density-independent resources. 
C) encourages predation and reduces intraspecific competition. 
D) is more likely in r-selected species with short life spans and many offspring.

Question 11

Which of the following represents a type of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A) A red-tailed hawk pounces on a field mouse for dinner. 
B) A large herd of zebra graze lazily across the broad savannah. 
C) A mosquito draws a blood meal from the back of an elk. 
D) A honeybee feeds on nectar at a flower on an orange tree and pollinates the flower. 
A) A red-tailed hawk pounces on a field mouse for dinner. 
B) A large herd of zebra graze lazily across the broad savannah. 
C) A mosquito draws a blood meal from the back of an elk. 
D) A honeybee feeds on nectar at a flower on an orange tree and pollinates the flower.

Question 12

Without human intervention to save a species from extinction,which one of the following organisms would be most likely to survive threats to its extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) a flower species that produces three seeds a year and lives for up to 4 years 
B) a mushroom species that releases millions of airborne spores and dies 
C) an elephant species that provides parental care for 1 or 2 offspring for more than a year 
D) a frog that lays 50-100 eggs every year for 2-3 years 
A) a flower species that produces three seeds a year and lives for up to 4 years 
B) a mushroom species that releases millions of airborne spores and dies 
C) an elephant species that provides parental care for 1 or 2 offspring for more than a year 
D) a frog that lays 50-100 eggs every year for 2-3 years

Question 13

The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker may have been found in deep woods of Missouri.Even though a few individuals may have survived,this may not be enough to avoid extinction of this species.What else must these few birds do to ensure the survival of the species?

Accepted Answer

A) defend a territory against other bird species and predators 
B) maintain a viable breeding colony 
C) shift to a new source of food widely available in their region 
D) migrate to a better habitat that is more protected from people 
A) defend a territory against other bird species and predators 
B) maintain a viable breeding colony 
C) shift to a new source of food widely available in their region 
D) migrate to a better habitat that is more protected from people

Question 14

Which one of the following illustrates intraspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

A) a butterfly feeding on the nectar of a daffodil flower 
B) a sea gull swooping down to snatch a fish from the water's surface 
C) a tick and a flea sharing a dog's back 
D) male red-winged blackbirds defending nesting sites from other males 
A) a butterfly feeding on the nectar of a daffodil flower 
B) a sea gull swooping down to snatch a fish from the water's surface 
C) a tick and a flea sharing a dog's back 
D) male red-winged blackbirds defending nesting sites from other males

Question 15

If the climate of an environment is rapidly changing,which one of the following organisms would most likely go extinct?

Accepted Answer

A) a bacterial species that exchanges genetic material with other bacteria 
B) a species of fish that only reproduces asexually 
C) a large interbreeding population of snails 
D) a plant species that can reproduce both asexually and sexually 
A) a bacterial species that exchanges genetic material with other bacteria 
B) a species of fish that only reproduces asexually 
C) a large interbreeding population of snails 
D) a plant species that can reproduce both asexually and sexually

Question 16

When a single species evolves into two species,the new species must

Accepted Answer

A) be reproductively isolated. 
B) evolve different diets. 
C) be exposed to the same selective pressures. 
D) live on a different continent. 
A) be reproductively isolated. 
B) evolve different diets. 
C) be exposed to the same selective pressures. 
D) live on a different continent.

Question 17

A prairie grass may experience grazing herbivores,wildfires,droughts,deep snow,or blazing hot days in the summer.Yet,those prairie grasses alive today are descendants of those that have survived these challenges and more.From an evolutionary perspective,these sorts of environmental challenges are identified as

Accepted Answer

A) herbivory. 
B) predation. 
C) selective pressures. 
D) biological adaptations. 
A) herbivory. 
B) predation. 
C) selective pressures. 
D) biological adaptations.

Question 18

The reindeer population changes on St.Matthew Island appears to have ultimately been caused by

Accepted Answer

A) the absence of any predators. 
B) the addition of a keystone species. 
C) the narrow reliance of reindeer on just a single food species. 
D) the introduction of grizzly bears to the island in 1962. 
A) the absence of any predators. 
B) the addition of a keystone species. 
C) the narrow reliance of reindeer on just a single food species. 
D) the introduction of grizzly bears to the island in 1962.

Question 19

-These photos all illustrate examples of

Accepted Answer

A) parasitism. 
B) commensalism. 
C) amensalism. 
D) mutualism. 
A) parasitism. 
B) commensalism. 
C) amensalism. 
D) mutualism.

Question 20

Groups of organisms that may have been separated for millions of years may be brought together in new combinations primarily by

Accepted Answer

A) shifting weather patterns. 
B) changes in ocean currents. 
C) plate tectonics. 
D) changes in the Earth's magnetic fields. 
A) shifting weather patterns. 
B) changes in ocean currents. 
C) plate tectonics. 
D) changes in the Earth's magnetic fields.

Exam 4: Populations and Communities

The evolution of a new species is most like

Two species have separate ranges but use the same food resources.However,their ranges overlap in one area.It is found in the area of overlap the species have evolved separate anatomical specializations that reduce interspecific competition for food.This is an example of

Which of the following is analogous to a mutualistic relationship?

Flea beetles alone are unlikely to eliminate all of the leafy spurge in a region.Instead,the number of leafy spurge plants and the number of flea beetles in a particular community may stabilize.At this point,the leafy spurge and flea beetle populations

Invasive species are dangerous because

A squirrel population in an oak forest in Indiana is limited by hawk predators,the amount of acorns produced annually,nesting sites in the trees,and cold winter temperatures. -Which of the following is an abiotic factor limiting this squirrel population?

Sustainable populations

Density-independent factors such as earthquakes and hurricanes are

Territoriality

Which of the following represents a type of mutualism?

Without human intervention to save a species from extinction,which one of the following organisms would be most likely to survive threats to its extinction?

The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker may have been found in deep woods of Missouri.Even though a few individuals may have survived,this may not be enough to avoid extinction of this species.What else must these few birds do to ensure the survival of the species?

Which one of the following illustrates intraspecific competition?

If the climate of an environment is rapidly changing,which one of the following organisms would most likely go extinct?

When a single species evolves into two species,the new species must

The reindeer population changes on St.Matthew Island appears to have ultimately been caused by

-These photos all illustrate examples of

Groups of organisms that may have been separated for millions of years may be brought together in new combinations primarily by

Science and the Environment

Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

Basic Needs of Living Things

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Water Pollution and Its Prevention

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

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