Exam 10: Mass Wasting

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What are some ways by which a slope can become oversteepened? How can oversteeping cause mass wasting?

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Slopes are oversteepened by undercutting by streams or waves,or excavations by human activities at their base.When the slope's base is removed,the slope angle increases,and the gravitational force acting parallel to the slope increases as well.

What is a slope-stability map?

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A slope-stability map portrays the mass wasting hazards of an area.

What factors contribute to mass wasting in tropical versus arid and semiarid climates?

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In the tropics,high temperatures and rainfall extend weathering to depths of tens of meters,and mass movements are common in the deep weathering zone.In arid and semiarid regions,the weathering zone is much shallower,but a short period of intense rain falling on a slope with little vegetation to absorb the water can cause rapid runoff and mass wasting.

Creep is most effective and significant in a(n)____________________ climate.

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What is permafrost,and what problems are associated with construction in a permafrost environment?

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Movement that is made of more than one type of mass wasting,each of which are more or less equally involved,is called ____________________ movement.

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In the ____________________ method of protecting slopes,steps are cut into a hillside to reduce the overall average slope and catch small landslides or rockfalls.

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The type of mass movement that moves the greatest amount of material downslope is:

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The slow downslope movement of water-saturated surface sediment is:

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Curved tree trunks,displaced monuments,tilted power poles,displaced and tilted fences,roadways moved out of alignment,and hummocky surfaces are all evidence of ____________________.

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What is the most important step that can be taken to minimize or eliminate mass wasting or damage from it?

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Creep usually involves only small areas,such as the steepest portions of a hillside.

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How can areas with high potential for slope failure be identified?

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How does the geology (dip of rock layers or joints)on a slope affect slope stability?

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What types of changes in a slope can lead to mass wasting?

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A general term for mass movements of earth is ____________________.

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How does a slump differ from a rock slide?

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What role does weathering play in mass wasting?

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Slow mass movement transports a greater volume of material than does rapid mass movement.

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The downslope movement of water-saturated surface sediment is called ____________________.

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