Question 1

Which of the following is true of the clinical approach to judgment and interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The clinician functions like an actuary, adjusting the likelihood of various outcomes up and down based on objective factors. 
B)  The clinician attends to only the most important aspects of the patient's circumstances (e.g., level of education, history of trauma) in arriving at a judgment. 
C)  The clinician often assumes a certain similarity between the patient and him- or herself in interpreting the patient's behaviors. 
D)  The clinician is as likely to recall his or her misinterpretations as his or her valid predictions. 
A)  The clinician functions like an actuary, adjusting the likelihood of various outcomes up and down based on objective factors. 
B)  The clinician attends to only the most important aspects of the patient's circumstances (e.g., level of education, history of trauma) in arriving at a judgment. 
C)  The clinician often assumes a certain similarity between the patient and him- or herself in interpreting the patient's behaviors. 
D)  The clinician is as likely to recall his or her misinterpretations as his or her valid predictions.

Question 2

The statistical approach to clinical judgment relies on ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive and deductive reasoning 
B)  explicit norms 
C)  specific predictors 
D)  regression equations 
A)  inductive and deductive reasoning 
B)  explicit norms 
C)  specific predictors 
D)  regression equations

Question 3

According to a review of the empirical evidence for bias in clinical judgment (Garb,1997),

Accepted Answer

A)  Black and Hispanic patients who have psychotic mood disorders are more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia than are similar White patients. 
B)  Black patients are less likely to be prescribed anti-psychotic medications than other racial groups, even when the Black patients are more psychotic. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  Black and Hispanic patients who have psychotic mood disorders are more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia than are similar White patients. 
B)  Black patients are less likely to be prescribed anti-psychotic medications than other racial groups, even when the Black patients are more psychotic. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 4

The statistical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable when

Accepted Answer

A)  the outcome to be predicted is objective and specific. 
B)  there is reason to be particularly concerned about human judgmental error or bias. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  the outcome to be predicted is objective and specific. 
B)  there is reason to be particularly concerned about human judgmental error or bias. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 5

Summarize the results of empirical research comparing clinical and actuarial approaches to clinical judgment and prediction.

Accepted Answer

Empirical research comparing clinical an

Question 6

When psychologists make clinical judgments or interpretations,they may view patient data as

Accepted Answer

A)  samples of behavior outside the psychologists' office. 
B)  correlates of other behaviors or emotions. 
C)  signs of an underlying state or condition. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  samples of behavior outside the psychologists' office. 
B)  correlates of other behaviors or emotions. 
C)  signs of an underlying state or condition. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

In general,empirical/objective clinicians regard patient data as

Accepted Answer

A)  correlates. 
B)  projective. 
C)  samples. 
D)  signs. 
A)  correlates. 
B)  projective. 
C)  samples. 
D)  signs.

Question 8

A clinician who is more comfortable making predictions mechanically,based upon correlations between variables,rather than intuitively,based upon clinical impressions,exhibits a __________ approach to clinical judgment.

Accepted Answer

A)  quantitative 
B)  qualitative 
C)  subjective 
D)  clinical 
A)  quantitative 
B)  qualitative 
C)  subjective 
D)  clinical

Question 9

According to Meehl (1957),what is one of the biggest roadblocks to adopting the statistical approach to judgment and interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clinicians are generally not very adept at statistical analysis. 
B)  Most decisions required of clinicians are too complex to be addressed though statistical means. 
C)  There are currently too few well-validated formulas available to assist, in a meaningful way, with clinical interpretation and prediction. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Clinicians are generally not very adept at statistical analysis. 
B)  Most decisions required of clinicians are too complex to be addressed though statistical means. 
C)  There are currently too few well-validated formulas available to assist, in a meaningful way, with clinical interpretation and prediction. 
D)  none of the above

Question 10

Explain how stereotyped beliefs may affect one's clinical judgment,providing one example.What are three ways that clinical psychologists may try to combat the effects of bias on their clinical judgments?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyped beliefs can affect one's cli

Question 11

The clinical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable in all of the following cases EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  when information is needed about areas for which no adequate assessments are available. 
B)  when the task involves predicting outcomes for large, heterogeneous samples, and interest in individual cases is minimal. 
C)  when the clinical judgment involves predictions for which no statistical equations have been developed. 
D)  when the clinical judgment involves the prediction of rare, unusual events of a highly individualized nature. 
A)  when information is needed about areas for which no adequate assessments are available. 
B)  when the task involves predicting outcomes for large, heterogeneous samples, and interest in individual cases is minimal. 
C)  when the clinical judgment involves predictions for which no statistical equations have been developed. 
D)  when the clinical judgment involves the prediction of rare, unusual events of a highly individualized nature.

Question 12

Research has shown that clinical experience increases only slightly the accuracy of one's clinical predictions.ALL BUT WHICH of the following did the textbook offer as an explanation for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The measures upon which mental health professionals base their predictions do not have high validity, so they are no more valid in experienced hands than in inexperienced ones. 
B)  Once clinicians obtain job security, any enhanced accuracy from their experience is canceled out by a corresponding decrease in effort. 
C)  Clinicians often receive no feedback about their predictions, so they cannot learn from their experience. 
D)  Clinicians are biased toward remembering their accurate predictions and forgetting their inaccurate ones. 
A)  The measures upon which mental health professionals base their predictions do not have high validity, so they are no more valid in experienced hands than in inexperienced ones. 
B)  Once clinicians obtain job security, any enhanced accuracy from their experience is canceled out by a corresponding decrease in effort. 
C)  Clinicians often receive no feedback about their predictions, so they cannot learn from their experience. 
D)  Clinicians are biased toward remembering their accurate predictions and forgetting their inaccurate ones.

Question 13

A clinician who uses the clinical approach to clinical judgment is likely to base his/her judgments on

Accepted Answer

A)  actuarial data. 
B)  intuition. 
C)  empirical literature. 
D)  computer-generated predictions. 
A)  actuarial data. 
B)  intuition. 
C)  empirical literature. 
D)  computer-generated predictions.

Question 14

Dr.Doyle is meeting a client for an assessment.While testing the client and gathering data about her history,a number of contradictions arise-contradictions that Dr.Doyle is unable to resolve.When it comes time to write his report,what should Dr.Doyle do?

Accepted Answer

A)  He shouldn't bother noting the presence of contradictions at all, so as not to confuse the reader. 
B)  He should mention the contradictions briefly, but play down their importance. 
C)  He should describe the contradictions in adequate detail for the reader. 
D)  How he handles this situation will depend upon the specific referral source. 
A)  He shouldn't bother noting the presence of contradictions at all, so as not to confuse the reader. 
B)  He should mention the contradictions briefly, but play down their importance. 
C)  He should describe the contradictions in adequate detail for the reader. 
D)  How he handles this situation will depend upon the specific referral source.

Question 15

Research investigating the validity of judgments about mental health diagnoses has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  medical practitioners are more accurate than nonmedical practitioners. 
B)  there is no difference in the accuracy of medical and nonmedical practitioners. 
C)  nonmedical practitioners are slightly more accurate than medical practitioners. 
D)  nonmedical practitioners are much more accurate than medical practitioners. 
A)  medical practitioners are more accurate than nonmedical practitioners. 
B)  there is no difference in the accuracy of medical and nonmedical practitioners. 
C)  nonmedical practitioners are slightly more accurate than medical practitioners. 
D)  nonmedical practitioners are much more accurate than medical practitioners.

Question 16

Goldberg's (1965)study,in which the accuracy of clinical judgments by Ph.D.-level and predoctoral clinicians was compared to those based on statistical indices,concluded that

Accepted Answer

A)  doctoral-level clinicians were significantly superior to predoctoral clinicians. 
B)  clinicians in general were significantly superior to statistical indices. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  doctoral-level clinicians were significantly superior to predoctoral clinicians. 
B)  clinicians in general were significantly superior to statistical indices. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 17

Some clinical psychologists resist the statistical approach because,in their opinion,

Accepted Answer

A)  it is based on short-term prediction. 
B)  it is inferior to the judgment of experts in the field. 
C)  it dehumanizes clients. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  it is based on short-term prediction. 
B)  it is inferior to the judgment of experts in the field. 
C)  it dehumanizes clients. 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Dr.Dougherty is a clinical psychologist.If he is like many other clinical psychologists when making clinical judgments,Dr.Dougherty will

Accepted Answer

A)  often err by interpreting benign cues as indicative of psychopathology. 
B)  often err by failing to take a person's strengths into account. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above 
A)  often err by interpreting benign cues as indicative of psychopathology. 
B)  often err by failing to take a person's strengths into account. 
C)  both of the above 
D)  neither of the above

Question 19

In a 1954 paper summarizing studies that had compared clinical and statistical prediction,Meehl observed that statistical predictions often were made on the same data from which the regression equations were developed.In other words,the efficiency of the formulas __________ because they __________,

Accepted Answer

A)  was overestimated; were not cross-validated. 
B)  was overestimated; did not fit the data. 
C)  was underestimated; were not cross-validated. 
D)  was underestimated; did not fit the data. 
A)  was overestimated; were not cross-validated. 
B)  was overestimated; did not fit the data. 
C)  was underestimated; were not cross-validated. 
D)  was underestimated; did not fit the data.

Question 20

The psychometric approach to clinical judgment and interpretation best characterizes __________ clinicians.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  empirical/objective 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  humanistic 
A)  behavioral 
B)  empirical/objective 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  humanistic

Which of the following is true of the clinical approach to judgment and interpretation?

The statistical approach to clinical judgment relies on ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

According to a review of the empirical evidence for bias in clinical judgment (Garb,1997),

The statistical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable when

Summarize the results of empirical research comparing clinical and actuarial approaches to clinical judgment and prediction.

When psychologists make clinical judgments or interpretations,they may view patient data as

In general,empirical/objective clinicians regard patient data as

A clinician who is more comfortable making predictions mechanically,based upon correlations between variables,rather than intuitively,based upon clinical impressions,exhibits a __________ approach to clinical judgment.

According to Meehl (1957),what is one of the biggest roadblocks to adopting the statistical approach to judgment and interpretation?

Explain how stereotyped beliefs may affect one's clinical judgment,providing one example.What are three ways that clinical psychologists may try to combat the effects of bias on their clinical judgments?

The clinical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable in all of the following cases EXCEPT

Research has shown that clinical experience increases only slightly the accuracy of one's clinical predictions.ALL BUT WHICH of the following did the textbook offer as an explanation for this finding?

A clinician who uses the clinical approach to clinical judgment is likely to base his/her judgments on

Dr.Doyle is meeting a client for an assessment.While testing the client and gathering data about her history,a number of contradictions arise-contradictions that Dr.Doyle is unable to resolve.When it comes time to write his report,what should Dr.Doyle do?

Research investigating the validity of judgments about mental health diagnoses has found that

Goldberg's (1965)study,in which the accuracy of clinical judgments by Ph.D.-level and predoctoral clinicians was compared to those based on statistical indices,concluded that

Some clinical psychologists resist the statistical approach because,in their opinion,

Dr.Dougherty is a clinical psychologist.If he is like many other clinical psychologists when making clinical judgments,Dr.Dougherty will

In a 1954 paper summarizing studies that had compared clinical and statistical prediction,Meehl observed that statistical predictions often were made on the same data from which the regression equations were developed.In other words,the efficiency of the formulas because they ,

The psychometric approach to clinical judgment and interpretation best characterizes __________ clinicians.

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters

Exam 10: Clinical Judgment

Which of the following is true of the clinical approach to judgment and interpretation?

The statistical approach to clinical judgment relies on ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

According to a review of the empirical evidence for bias in clinical judgment (Garb,1997),

The statistical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable when

Summarize the results of empirical research comparing clinical and actuarial approaches to clinical judgment and prediction.

When psychologists make clinical judgments or interpretations,they may view patient data as

In general,empirical/objective clinicians regard patient data as

A clinician who is more comfortable making predictions mechanically,based upon correlations between variables,rather than intuitively,based upon clinical impressions,exhibits a __________ approach to clinical judgment.

According to Meehl (1957),what is one of the biggest roadblocks to adopting the statistical approach to judgment and interpretation?

Explain how stereotyped beliefs may affect one's clinical judgment,providing one example.What are three ways that clinical psychologists may try to combat the effects of bias on their clinical judgments?

The clinical approach to clinical judgment is especially valuable in all of the following cases EXCEPT

Research has shown that clinical experience increases only slightly the accuracy of one's clinical predictions.ALL BUT WHICH of the following did the textbook offer as an explanation for this finding?

A clinician who uses the clinical approach to clinical judgment is likely to base his/her judgments on

Dr.Doyle is meeting a client for an assessment.While testing the client and gathering data about her history,a number of contradictions arise-contradictions that Dr.Doyle is unable to resolve.When it comes time to write his report,what should Dr.Doyle do?

Research investigating the validity of judgments about mental health diagnoses has found that

Goldberg's (1965)study,in which the accuracy of clinical judgments by Ph.D.-level and predoctoral clinicians was compared to those based on statistical indices,concluded that

Some clinical psychologists resist the statistical approach because,in their opinion,

Dr.Dougherty is a clinical psychologist.If he is like many other clinical psychologists when making clinical judgments,Dr.Dougherty will

In a 1954 paper summarizing studies that had compared clinical and statistical prediction,Meehl observed that statistical predictions often were made on the same data from which the regression equations were developed.In other words,the efficiency of the formulas __________ because they __________,

The psychometric approach to clinical judgment and interpretation best characterizes __________ clinicians.

Clinical Psychology: An Introduction

Historical Overview of Clinical Psychology

Current Issues in Clinical Psychology

Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis and Classification of Psychological Problems

The Assessment Interview

The Assessment of Intelligence

Personality Assessment

Behavioral Assessment

Psychological Interventions

Psychotherapy: The Psychodynamic Perspective

Psychotherapy: Phenomenological Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Psychotherapy: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Perspectives

Group Therapy, Family Therapy, and Couples Therapy

Community Psychology

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

Neuropsychology

Forensic Psychology

Filters

In a 1954 paper summarizing studies that had compared clinical and statistical prediction,Meehl observed that statistical predictions often were made on the same data from which the regression equations were developed.In other words,the efficiency of the formulas because they ,