Question 1

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a human cell, one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B)  In a human cell, nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C)  In a human cell, enzymes must be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions they catalyze. 
D)  In a human cell, some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy. 
A)  In a human cell, one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B)  In a human cell, nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C)  In a human cell, enzymes must be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions they catalyze. 
D)  In a human cell, some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy.

Question 2

In many organelles,groups of different enzymes are located on membranes in close proximity to each other.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attaching enzymes to the membrane prevents the cell from losing them to the surrounding environment. 
B)  When enzymes are in close proximity, each one can catalyze more than one type of reaction. 
C)  These enzymes are involved in the same metabolic pathway; keeping them closer together increases the pathway's efficiency. 
D)  All enzymes must act in groups to sufficiently reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to occur. 
A)  Attaching enzymes to the membrane prevents the cell from losing them to the surrounding environment. 
B)  When enzymes are in close proximity, each one can catalyze more than one type of reaction. 
C)  These enzymes are involved in the same metabolic pathway; keeping them closer together increases the pathway's efficiency. 
D)  All enzymes must act in groups to sufficiently reduce the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

Question 3

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide; water 
B)  glucose; water 
C)  enzymes; ATP 
D)  sunlight; CTP 
A)  carbon dioxide; water 
B)  glucose; water 
C)  enzymes; ATP 
D)  sunlight; CTP

Question 4

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus. 
B)  environment. 
C)  predators. 
D)  biosynthesis. 
A)  nucleus. 
B)  environment. 
C)  predators. 
D)  biosynthesis.

Question 5

In a research study,physiologists monitored the metabolite concentrations generated during exercise in three groups of participants (people with poor fitness,average fitness,and exceptional fitness).Which statement best summarizes this study's findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise was beneficial to all three groups, but those benefits ended immediately after the exercise stopped; to have significant benefits, exercise must be done for a longer period of time. 
B)  The least fit participants had extremely low metabolic responsiveness; therefore, people with poor fitness are unlikely to experience benefits from exercise for at least 30 days after starting an exercise program. 
C)  In all three groups, exercise produced an almost immediate positive metabolic effect in which the strength of the effect was proportional to the participants' fitness levels. 
D)  Metabolites extracted from the blood of the least fit participants suppressed the metabolism level of cells growing in a tissue culture. 
A)  Exercise was beneficial to all three groups, but those benefits ended immediately after the exercise stopped; to have significant benefits, exercise must be done for a longer period of time. 
B)  The least fit participants had extremely low metabolic responsiveness; therefore, people with poor fitness are unlikely to experience benefits from exercise for at least 30 days after starting an exercise program. 
C)  In all three groups, exercise produced an almost immediate positive metabolic effect in which the strength of the effect was proportional to the participants' fitness levels. 
D)  Metabolites extracted from the blood of the least fit participants suppressed the metabolism level of cells growing in a tissue culture.

Question 6

Enzymes catalyze only anabolic chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The application of modern biological research methods has shown that the most successful strategy for permanent weight loss almost always involves

Accepted Answer

A)  simply eating less and exercising more. 
B)  consuming BMR activators (supplements that elevate the basal metabolic rate), such as caffeine. 
C)  changes in body composition, particularly changing connective tissue to muscle. 
D)  altering the body's ratio of surface area to volume. 
A)  simply eating less and exercising more. 
B)  consuming BMR activators (supplements that elevate the basal metabolic rate), such as caffeine. 
C)  changes in body composition, particularly changing connective tissue to muscle. 
D)  altering the body's ratio of surface area to volume.

Question 8

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B)  the flow of energy connects living things to their environment. 
C)  energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D)  systems tend to become more disorderly. 
A)  metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B)  the flow of energy connects living things to their environment. 
C)  energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D)  systems tend to become more disorderly.

Question 9

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a free phosphate group,energy is given off.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a living system and its surroundings remains constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process that occurs in both plants and animals; this process is called ________.

Accepted Answer

cellular r

Question 12

Oxygen can be reduced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Sugar molecules are more oxidized than carbon dioxide molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following substances is either consumed or synthesized in a large number of cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars 
B)  enzymes 
C)  DNA 
D)  ATP 
A)  sugars 
B)  enzymes 
C)  DNA 
D)  ATP

Question 15

In the chemical reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O,the 6 CO₂ molecules are some of the

Accepted Answer

A)  substrates. 
B)  products. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  reactants. 
A)  substrates. 
B)  products. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  reactants.

Question 16

The organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized,generating most of a cell's ATP,are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organelles where the breakdown products of...

Question 17

Organisms that drop their basal metabolic rate (BMR)as cold weather arrives,enabling their body temperature to plummet,are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that drop their basal metabolic rate...

Question 18

In the chemical reaction H₂O + CO₂ + carbonic anhydrase → H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ + carbonic anhydrase,the carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reactant. 
B)  product. 
C)  enzyme. 
D)  active site. 
A)  reactant. 
B)  product. 
C)  enzyme. 
D)  active site.

Question 19

High temperatures generally cause the three-dimensional configuration of most enzymes to be destroyed.Enzymes that have been affected by high temperatures in this way have been ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of High temperatures generally cause the three-dimensional configuration...

Question 20

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature rely on the heat produced by cells.Where does this heat come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells have special metabolic pathways that are exclusively for the production of heat. 
B)  Mitochondria produce heat in the form of ATP. 
C)  Plants store heat as they perform photosynthesis; when an organism digests a plant, that heat is released. 
D)  Heat is a natural by-product of most chemical reactions. 
A)  Cells have special metabolic pathways that are exclusively for the production of heat. 
B)  Mitochondria produce heat in the form of ATP. 
C)  Plants store heat as they perform photosynthesis; when an organism digests a plant, that heat is released. 
D)  Heat is a natural by-product of most chemical reactions.

Exam 5: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

In many organelles,groups of different enzymes are located on membranes in close proximity to each other.Why?

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including ________ and ________.

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

In a research study,physiologists monitored the metabolite concentrations generated during exercise in three groups of participants (people with poor fitness,average fitness,and exceptional fitness).Which statement best summarizes this study's findings?

Enzymes catalyze only anabolic chemical reactions.

The application of modern biological research methods has shown that the most successful strategy for permanent weight loss almost always involves

The second law of thermodynamics states that

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a free phosphate group,energy is given off.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a living system and its surroundings remains constant.

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process that occurs in both plants and animals; this process is called ________.

Oxygen can be reduced.

Sugar molecules are more oxidized than carbon dioxide molecules.

Which of the following substances is either consumed or synthesized in a large number of cellular reactions?

In the chemical reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O,the 6 CO₂ molecules are some of the

The organelles where the breakdown products of food are oxidized,generating most of a cell's ATP,are called ________.

Organisms that drop their basal metabolic rate (BMR)as cold weather arrives,enabling their body temperature to plummet,are called ________.

In the chemical reaction H₂O + CO₂ + carbonic anhydrase → H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ + carbonic anhydrase,the carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

High temperatures generally cause the three-dimensional configuration of most enzymes to be destroyed.Enzymes that have been affected by high temperatures in this way have been ________.

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature rely on the heat produced by cells.Where does this heat come from?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Filters

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including and .