Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes how extremes of pH often disrupt the function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They alter the monosaccharides associated with the enzyme. 
B)  They alter the chemistry of the enzyme's active site. 
C)  They destroy the substrate of the reaction. 
D)  They destroy the products of the reaction. 
A)  They alter the monosaccharides associated with the enzyme. 
B)  They alter the chemistry of the enzyme's active site. 
C)  They destroy the substrate of the reaction. 
D)  They destroy the products of the reaction.

Question 2

If provided with the proper conditions,enzymes that are recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes.Which of the following statements is an example of such a process?

Accepted Answer

A)  The addition of amylases, lipases, and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove wrinkles from clothing. 
B)  Cellulases and pectinases can digest the proteins in fruit juice, producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C)  The proteases in pineapples and papayas can tenderize meat by digesting its large fibrous proteins, such as collagen. 
D)  Rennin, an enzyme from the guts of cows and sheep, has been used for many years to make pasta. 
A)  The addition of amylases, lipases, and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove wrinkles from clothing. 
B)  Cellulases and pectinases can digest the proteins in fruit juice, producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C)  The proteases in pineapples and papayas can tenderize meat by digesting its large fibrous proteins, such as collagen. 
D)  Rennin, an enzyme from the guts of cows and sheep, has been used for many years to make pasta.

Question 3

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong,more dangerous chemicals.These enzymes are most likely able to

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B)  raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C)  create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D)  let excess heat be passed off into the environment. 
A)  catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B)  raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C)  create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D)  let excess heat be passed off into the environment.

Question 4

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen,exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat; these findings provide support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Some enzymes need particular ions or small molecules to attain their highest activity; these enzyme "helpers" are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some enzymes need particular ions or small...

Question 6

Enzymes can catalyze a chemical reaction only if

Accepted Answer

A)  they encounter a molecule of ATP. 
B)  their active site is sufficiently oxidized. 
C)  they have both products in their active site at the same time. 
D)  they encounter a substrate that fits their active site. 
A)  they encounter a molecule of ATP. 
B)  their active site is sufficiently oxidized. 
C)  they have both products in their active site at the same time. 
D)  they encounter a substrate that fits their active site.

Question 7

Complex molecules are built from smaller organic compounds by using energy to drive ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  redox 
A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  redox

Question 8

Chemical reactions in which reactants have a lower energy content than the products can occur without the input of any energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves many chemical reactions.Collectively,these processes are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capture and use of energy by...

Question 10

A calorie represents the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of grams of fat in a food product. 
B)  number of times an enzyme can be reused before it must be replaced. 
C)  amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 1°C. 
D)  temperature at which a gram of food is completely converted into carbon dioxide. 
A)  number of grams of fat in a food product. 
B)  number of times an enzyme can be reused before it must be replaced. 
C)  amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 1°C. 
D)  temperature at which a gram of food is completely converted into carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Catabolic reactions are tightly coupled to reactions that require energy; those reactions are called ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

anabolic b

Question 12

Which of the following compounds is the LEAST oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A)  C6H12O6 
B)  CO₂ 
C)  CH4 
D)  HCOOH 
A)  C6H12O6 
B)  CO₂ 
C)  CH4 
D)  HCOOH

Question 13

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures,what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidation of wood products increases the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B)  The biosynthetic reactions that happen in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C)  Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D)  The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics. 
A)  The oxidation of wood products increases the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B)  The biosynthetic reactions that happen in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C)  Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D)  The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 14

When a molecule of methane burns,it produces carbon dioxide,heat,light,and water.The direction of the event is dictated by the ________ law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a molecule of methane burns,it produces...

Question 15

A molecule of sugar slowly burns in a cell.Compared with the original sugar molecules,the products of these catabolic reactions are ________ and have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less stable; more energy 
B)  more stable; more energy 
C)  more stable; less energy 
D)  less stable; less energy 
A)  less stable; more energy 
B)  more stable; more energy 
C)  more stable; less energy 
D)  less stable; less energy

Question 16

The shape of an enzyme does not affect its activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Imagine a chemical reaction during which a solution turns from red to green very slowly.If a small piece of platinum is placed in the solution,the change occurs much more rapidly,yet the platinum remains unchanged; this result happens because the platinum

Accepted Answer

A)  provides activation energy. 
B)  is an enzyme. 
C)  is a catalyst. 
D)  is an oxidizing agent. 
A)  provides activation energy. 
B)  is an enzyme. 
C)  is a catalyst. 
D)  is an oxidizing agent.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions destroys the three-dimensional structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  cold temperatures 
B)  freezing the substrate 
C)  the presence of cofactors 
D)  very high salt concentrations 
A)  cold temperatures 
B)  freezing the substrate 
C)  the presence of cofactors 
D)  very high salt concentrations

Question 19

The metabolism of living organisms comprises a series of catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions; both types of reactions are very carefully controlled,enabling the organism to

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C)  avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D)  capture as much of the released energy as possible. 
A)  minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C)  avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D)  capture as much of the released energy as possible.

Question 20

At very high salt concentrations,the three-dimensional structure of proteins is often stabilized; therefore,these salt concentrations play a major role in enhancing the activity of many enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Which of the following statements best describes how extremes of pH often disrupt the function of enzymes?

If provided with the proper conditions,enzymes that are recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes.Which of the following statements is an example of such a process?

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong,more dangerous chemicals.These enzymes are most likely able to

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen,exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat; these findings provide support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

Some enzymes need particular ions or small molecules to attain their highest activity; these enzyme "helpers" are known as ________.

Enzymes can catalyze a chemical reaction only if

Complex molecules are built from smaller organic compounds by using energy to drive ________ reactions.

Chemical reactions in which reactants have a lower energy content than the products can occur without the input of any energy.

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves many chemical reactions.Collectively,these processes are known as ________.

A calorie represents the

Catabolic reactions are tightly coupled to reactions that require energy; those reactions are called ________ reactions.

Which of the following compounds is the LEAST oxidized?

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures,what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

When a molecule of methane burns,it produces carbon dioxide,heat,light,and water.The direction of the event is dictated by the ________ law of thermodynamics.

A molecule of sugar slowly burns in a cell.Compared with the original sugar molecules,the products of these catabolic reactions are ________ and have ________.

The shape of an enzyme does not affect its activity.

Imagine a chemical reaction during which a solution turns from red to green very slowly.If a small piece of platinum is placed in the solution,the change occurs much more rapidly,yet the platinum remains unchanged; this result happens because the platinum

Which of the following conditions destroys the three-dimensional structure of proteins?

The metabolism of living organisms comprises a series of catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions; both types of reactions are very carefully controlled,enabling the organism to

At very high salt concentrations,the three-dimensional structure of proteins is often stabilized; therefore,these salt concentrations play a major role in enhancing the activity of many enzymes.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

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A molecule of sugar slowly burns in a cell.Compared with the original sugar molecules,the products of these catabolic reactions are and have .