Exam 8: Social and Political Philosophy

____________________ ____________________ is the philosophical study of society and its problems.

What philosopher associated justice with merit,in the sense that individuals are treated and given a station in life according to their talents and accomplishments?

Which of the following philosophers argued that a law is nothing more than a command issued by a ruler,backed by threats of punishment and maintained by a habit of obedience?

Rawls' "difference principle" states that

The view that the wealth that is produced in society belongs to everyone in society is

Which of the following is a concept in John Rawl's philosophy that is similar to the concept of the "state of nature"?

Hegel believed that the state was ____________________ ____________________ than the individual.

Zeno rejected Stoicism.

Should there be any limits on what the state can do? Would you answer depend on the circumstances in which the state was acting,with it varying between times of peace,and times of war,for example?

The ____________________ ____________________ claims that there are no relevant differences among people when it comes to justice.

Do you believe that the state should provide "public goods"¾goods that can be used by as many people as wish to use them without any diminution in their availability,and which you cannot exclude people from using? (One example of such a good is the light from lighthouses.)If yes,would you force people to pay for these goods through taxation,even if they did not want them? If no,how else could such goods ever be provided,given their nature?

What philosopher argues that in a just society work burdens should be distributed according to people's abilities,and benefits should be distributed according to people's needs?

Thomas Jefferson was a disciple of

Pacifists assert that morality applies to the relations between nations.

Hegel believed that the state was unnatural.

Nozick was a welfare liberal.

What philosopher wrote: "Man was born free,but he is everywhere in chains."?

____________________ ____________________ says that individuals give up certain rights and liberties to the state,which guarantees other rights.

Negative rights are rights that protect freedoms of various kinds.

In this chapter,the philosopher who defined a right as a justified entitlement or claim on others was