Question 1

When a client's sodium level is low,which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Bicarbonate ions move into the intracellular compartment. 
B) Chloride level is unchanged. 
C) Chloride level is low. 
D) Kidneys secrete bicarbonate ions. 
A) Bicarbonate ions move into the intracellular compartment. 
B) Chloride level is unchanged. 
C) Chloride level is low. 
D) Kidneys secrete bicarbonate ions.

Question 2

Which of these conditions results from a decreased level of carbonic acid from hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory acidosis 
D) respiratory alkalosis 
A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory acidosis 
D) respiratory alkalosis

Question 3

Which of these terms refers to the maintenance of the body's internal environment within narrow limits?

Accepted Answer

A) homeostasis 
B) osmosis 
C) diffusion 
D) elimination 
A) homeostasis 
B) osmosis 
C) diffusion 
D) elimination

Question 4

A nurse is caring for a newborn infant and must be aware that what percentage BEST describes the newborn's weight that is composed of water?

Accepted Answer

A) 35% 
B) 50% 
C) 77% 
D) 90% 
A) 35% 
B) 50% 
C) 77% 
D) 90%

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a client with hyponatremia.When reviewing the client's health history,the nurse can identify the condition is the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) eating foods high in sodium 
B) nasal suctioning 
C) prolonged vomiting or diarrhea 
D) dehydration 
A) eating foods high in sodium 
B) nasal suctioning 
C) prolonged vomiting or diarrhea 
D) dehydration

Question 6

A client has had blood drawn for determination of serum electrolyte levels.The nurse identifies which of the following as an abnormal value?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium,148 mEq/L 
B) potassium,3.8 mEq/L 
C) calcium,95 mg/dL 
D) bicarbonate,26 mEq/L 
A) sodium,148 mEq/L 
B) potassium,3.8 mEq/L 
C) calcium,95 mg/dL 
D) bicarbonate,26 mEq/L

Question 7

Calcium plays an essential role in which of these processes?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin B absorption 
B) muscle strength 
C) digestion 
D) blood clotting 
A) vitamin B absorption 
B) muscle strength 
C) digestion 
D) blood clotting

Question 8

What is a major function of potassium within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining normal nerve and muscle activity 
B) regulating cardiac enzymes 
C) regulating kidney function 
D) stimulating the excretion or retention of chloride 
A) maintaining normal nerve and muscle activity 
B) regulating cardiac enzymes 
C) regulating kidney function 
D) stimulating the excretion or retention of chloride

Question 9

When an acid and a base react with each other,which substance is formed?

Accepted Answer

A) atom 
B) ion 
C) salt 
D) buffer 
A) atom 
B) ion 
C) salt 
D) buffer

Question 10

Which of these organs plays the major role in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys 
B) colon 
C) lungs 
D) skin 
A) kidneys 
B) colon 
C) lungs 
D) skin

Question 11

When a solution has a pH of less than 7,what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

A) acid 
B) base 
C) neutral 
D) buffer 
A) acid 
B) base 
C) neutral 
D) buffer

Question 12

Water composes what percentage of adult body weight?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 25 
C) 45 
D) 60 
A) 10 
B) 25 
C) 45 
D) 60

Question 13

The osmolality of a solution is determined by which of these?

Accepted Answer

A) density of molecules in water 
B) number of molecules in water 
C) percentage of molecules in water 
D) weight of molecules in water 
A) density of molecules in water 
B) number of molecules in water 
C) percentage of molecules in water 
D) weight of molecules in water

Question 14

The smallest unit of chemical structure that cannot be altered by chemical change is called:

Accepted Answer

A) an element 
B) an atom 
C) a molecule 
D) a compound 
A) an element 
B) an atom 
C) a molecule 
D) a compound

Question 15

When caring for a client with hypomagnesemia,the nurse should also expect which of these lab results?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased levels of calcium and potassium 
B) decreased levels of phosphorus and sodium 
C) increased levels of calcium and potassium 
D) increased levels of phosphorus and sodium 
A) decreased levels of calcium and potassium 
B) decreased levels of phosphorus and sodium 
C) increased levels of calcium and potassium 
D) increased levels of phosphorus and sodium

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis and notes that the client is exhibiting Kussmaul's respirations.Based on this information,which of the following would the nurse MOST likely have observed?

Accepted Answer

A) respirations that are abnormally deep,regular,and increased in rate 
B) respirations that are regular but abnormally slow 
C) respirations that are labored and increased in depth and rate 
D) respirations that cease for several seconds 
A) respirations that are abnormally deep,regular,and increased in rate 
B) respirations that are regular but abnormally slow 
C) respirations that are labored and increased in depth and rate 
D) respirations that cease for several seconds

Question 17

An increase in bicarbonate or a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in a client results in which of these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory acidosis 
D) respiratory alkalosis 
A) metabolic acidosis 
B) metabolic alkalosis 
C) respiratory acidosis 
D) respiratory alkalosis

Question 18

Which of these body fluid compartments contains the largest amount of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) intravascular 
B) interstitial 
C) intracellular 
D) extracellular 
A) intravascular 
B) interstitial 
C) intracellular 
D) extracellular

Question 19

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an assigned client.The nurse recognizes the normal value for adult total serum calcium is:

Accepted Answer

A) less than 4.5 mg/dL 
B) 4.5 to 5.6 mg/dL 
C) 5.7 to 8.4 mg/dL 
D) 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL 
A) less than 4.5 mg/dL 
B) 4.5 to 5.6 mg/dL 
C) 5.7 to 8.4 mg/dL 
D) 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

Question 20

Which of these terms describes a substance that in solution yields hydrogen ions with a positive charge?

Accepted Answer

A) acid 
B) base 
C) salt 
D) buffer 
A) acid 
B) base 
C) salt 
D) buffer

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

When a client's sodium level is low,which of the following occurs?

Which of these conditions results from a decreased level of carbonic acid from hyperventilation?

Which of these terms refers to the maintenance of the body's internal environment within narrow limits?

A nurse is caring for a newborn infant and must be aware that what percentage BEST describes the newborn's weight that is composed of water?

The nurse is caring for a client with hyponatremia.When reviewing the client's health history,the nurse can identify the condition is the result of:

A client has had blood drawn for determination of serum electrolyte levels.The nurse identifies which of the following as an abnormal value?

Calcium plays an essential role in which of these processes?

What is a major function of potassium within the body?

When an acid and a base react with each other,which substance is formed?

Which of these organs plays the major role in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?

When a solution has a pH of less than 7,what is its classification?

Water composes what percentage of adult body weight?

The osmolality of a solution is determined by which of these?

The smallest unit of chemical structure that cannot be altered by chemical change is called:

When caring for a client with hypomagnesemia,the nurse should also expect which of these lab results?

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis and notes that the client is exhibiting Kussmaul's respirations.Based on this information,which of the following would the nurse MOST likely have observed?

An increase in bicarbonate or a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration in a client results in which of these conditions?

Which of these body fluid compartments contains the largest amount of water in the body?

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an assigned client.The nurse recognizes the normal value for adult total serum calcium is:

Which of these terms describes a substance that in solution yields hydrogen ions with a positive charge?

Student Nurse Skills for Success

Holistic Care

Nursing History, Education, and Organizations

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities

The Health Care Delivery System

Arenas of Care

Communication

Client Teaching

Nursing Processdocumentationinformatics

Life Span Development

Cultural Considerations

Stress, Adaptation, and Anxiety

Loss, Grief, and Death

Wellness Concepts

Self-Concept

Spirituality

Complementary Alternative Therapies

Basic Nutrition

Rest and Sleep

Safety-Hygiene

Infection Controlasepsis

Standard Precautions and Isolation

Bioterrorism

Medication Administration and IV Therapy

Assessment

Pain Management

Diagnostic Tests

Basic Procedures

Intermediate Procedures

Advanced Procedures

Anesthesia

Surgery

Oncology

Respiratory System

Cardiovascular System

Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems

Gastrointestinal System

Urinary System

Musculoskeletal System

Neurological System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Integumentary System

Immune System

Mental Illness

Substance Abuse

The Older Adult

Ambulatory, Restorative, and Palliative Care in Community Settings

Responding to Emergencies

Integration

Prenatal Care

Complications of Pregnancy

The Birth Process

Postpartum Care

Newborn Care

Basics of Pediatric Care

Infants With Special Needs: Birth to 12 Months