Exam 5: Learning

To use behavior modification, you first have to identify a _____

Which of the following researchers authored the classic research (1966)on taste aversion using rats and X-rays?

In order for behavior modification to work, the behavior must be _____ and _____

_____ valid stimuli-those with a real connection to an unconditioned stimulus-are learned more quickly than _____ stimuli.

If you came home to your apartment in the very early hours of the morning and did not wish to wake your roommate by turning on the lights, you would likely rely upon _____ to aid you in avoiding obstacles in the apartment that might cause injury or noise.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the results of Watson and Jones' experimental attempts to remove Peter's fear of rabbits?

Why is ecological relevance significant in classical conditioning?

A _____ signals whether a certain response or behavior is likely to be rewarded, ignored, or punished.

When you take something good away from someone in response to their behavior, it is called _____

Mice who received a paired tone and shock 20 times and the same tone with no shock 20 times were not successfully conditioned to fear the tone. Mice who received a shock every time the tone sounded were conditioned to fear the tone. This observation supports the _____ theory of classical conditioning.

Which of the following is the best example of observational learning?

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of_____

At Java Joe's, if you buy nine coffee drinks within 30 days, your tenth coffee drink is free. The operant conditioning technique used at Java Joe's to keep customers coming back is _____ reinforcement.

_____ argued that humans and other animals seem to be most affected by classical conditioning when it affects their survival. From an evolutionary standpoint, he/she suggests that humans have a biological predisposition to associate fear with certain kinds of stimuli.

Which of the following statements is true regarding punishment?

A consequence that brings about an increase in the frequency of a behavior is a(n)_____; a consequence that decreases the frequency of a behavior is a(n)_____

Which of the following are examples of behavior modification?

Even though both Pavlov and Watson believed the repeated pairing of the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus was the critical element in classical conditioning, Rescorla argued that _____ is the critical element in classical conditioning.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, of the desired behaviors is _____ to extinction than a response that gets continuous reinforcement.

After pairing a loud noise with a white rat many times, the sight of the rat would cause little Albert to cry. Crying is an example of a(n)_____