Exam 5: Learning

Which of the following is true regarding learned helplessness?

Taking an aspirin every time you get a headache is an example of negative reinforcement. In this scenario, _____ is the behavior that is being strengthened.

Another example of the power of classical conditioning occurs when _____

People who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may become passively resigned to those outcomes. This is called _____

Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older?

_____ is the opposite of reinforcement.

Jetta was at her favorite coffee shop reading her psychology textbook. She was so engrossed in the material that she did not see her friend Willy coming up behind her. Willy approached her chair and tapped her back. Though she never learned to respond this way, Jetta jumped in surprise because Willy's tap had startled her. Which of the following would be considered the unconditioned response in this scenario?

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____

Two of the three factors that can increase the effectiveness of punishment are _____ and _____.

Loretta watched the movie Jaws many times when she was younger. She remembers how scared she was every time she saw the shark on television. Now, whenever she hears the "da nan... da nan... da nan, da nan, da nan" melody, she feels scared. In terms of classical conditioning, the melody can be labeled as the _____.

When conditioned stimuli are linked together to form a series of signals, such as the steps involved in having one's blood tested, this process is called _____

The "Aha!" experience is known as _____

Robert Rescorla's research implied that _____ was the critical element in classical conditioning, not simply the repeated pairings of the unconditioned and conditioned stimuli.

Albert Bandura's experiments involving the inflated "Bobo Doll" indicate _____

The type of learning in which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another is called _____

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase. When she gets the books on top of the bookcase, she gets praise. Finally, her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase. This is an example of ____

In operant conditioning terms, _____ is basically teaching a desired behavior; when that behavior is complex, a series of gradual steps can be used, which is called _____.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "Bobo Doll" study. The term "Bobo" refers to _____

Negative reinforcement will _____ a behavior.

You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated _____