Exam 5: Learning

Imagine a child sitting in a high chair at McDonald's. The child is eating french fries and becomes frustrated because she has eaten all of them. Wishing to get more fries from her parents, she begins yelling. The parents are embarrassed at their child's behavior. They decide to give her more french fries so she will stop yelling so loud in the middle of a restaurant. Discuss the two elements of operant conditioning that are present in this scenario.

The current view of why classical conditioning works the way it does, advanced by Rescorla and others, adds the concept of _____ to conditioning theory.

_____ studied insight learning, whereas _____ studied latent learning.

If Behavior A brings about a desirable Consequence B, and Behavior A reoccurs, then Consequence B can be considered _____.

Jenni was startled by the sudden loud barking noise made by a large black dog. Every time she saw a large black dog after that, she felt anxious and jumpy. She also began to feel the same way when she saw any brown, medium sized dogs. This change in her conditioned response is known as _____

The _____ started as a neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, became associated with it and now elicits a conditioned response.

Why does physical punishment frequently lead to aggression?

Bui wants to condition his lab rat to fear drinking orange-flavored water. He pairs a mild shock with the drinking of flavored water. He wants the rat to associate the unconditioned stimulus, the shock, with drinking the water. How could he be most successful?

Why is punishment by itself not a very effective way of learning?

Denny is quite fearful of going to the dentist. Over time, he has noticed that he becomes anxious at even the smell of the dentist's office. Every step Denny takes, right up until the dentist starts to drill a tooth, seems to cause muscle tension and anxiety. Denny is experiencing _____

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not _____ had occurred.

The most efficient way to condition a new response is _____

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. When the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

Praise, awards, and good grades are all examples of _____

Why does the definition of learning have to include the phrase "relatively permanent change" in knowledge, behavior, or attitude?

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Time out is a behavior modification technique that is _____

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

A student studied very hard in order to avoid getting bad grades and losing her driving privileges. It worked. What was the type of reinforcer she experienced?

_____ states that the consequence, or effect, of a response will determine whether the tendency to respond in the same way in the future will be strengthened or weakened.