Question 1

What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flexion 
B)  Extension 
C)  Rotation 
D)  Weight shift 
A)  Flexion 
B)  Extension 
C)  Rotation 
D)  Weight shift D

Question 2

What is considered the optimal sitting position for children with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chair reclined for comfort 
B)  Hips extended back into chair 
C)  Knees extended into long-sitting 
D)  Hips flexed forward 
A)  Chair reclined for comfort 
B)  Hips extended back into chair 
C)  Knees extended into long-sitting 
D)  Hips flexed forward D

Question 3

What are the reactions called that bring the body back to midline position and the head into vertical position (e.g., when an infant is tilted to the side and brings his head back to the middle)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Equilibrium 
B)  Protective extension 
C)  Righting 
D)  Balance 
A)  Equilibrium 
B)  Protective extension 
C)  Righting 
D)  Balance C

Question 4

Arthur is a 4-year-old with Down syndrome who is beginning to work on bilateral midline hand skills.His low muscle tone causes him to fatigue quickly when working against gravity.What is a good positioning choice to help Arthur's fine motor play?

Accepted Answer

A)  Long-sitting on the floor. 
B)  Placement in a supine stander, reclined 30-40 degrees. 
C)  Seated in a chair with good support to the trunk. 
D)  Sitting independently on a bench. 
A)  Long-sitting on the floor. 
B)  Placement in a supine stander, reclined 30-40 degrees. 
C)  Seated in a chair with good support to the trunk. 
D)  Sitting independently on a bench.

Question 5

Tyrell is an 8-year-old with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy who has made great gains in head control and use of his arms and hands while positioned prone on a wedge.The COTA decides to have Tyrell try to use his skills at a more advanced level.Which activity is most likely to integrate his success with prone posture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-feeding while seated on a bolster chair. 
B)  Initiating forward movement while prone on a scooter board. 
C)  Reading a story while prone on a wedge. 
D)  Swimming with his classmates at school. 
A)  Self-feeding while seated on a bolster chair. 
B)  Initiating forward movement while prone on a scooter board. 
C)  Reading a story while prone on a wedge. 
D)  Swimming with his classmates at school.

Question 6

Yuki is a 9-year-old with spastic quadriplegia.Yuki's parents would like her to be able to participate in their weekly family game time.What is the most important point to consider when developing a positioning plan for Yuki?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yuki has her head upright. 
B)  Yuki is able to participate from her wheelchair. 
C)  Yuki can easily move her wheelchair if she wants to leave the room. 
D)  Yuki is safely secured with a lap belt. 
A)  Yuki has her head upright. 
B)  Yuki is able to participate from her wheelchair. 
C)  Yuki can easily move her wheelchair if she wants to leave the room. 
D)  Yuki is safely secured with a lap belt.

Question 7

What does prone position facilitate in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hand strength and neck and trunk extension 
B)  Elbow extension and neck flexion 
C)  Trunk flexion, leg strength, and abdominal strength 
D)  Trunk extension and leg and hand strength 
A)  Hand strength and neck and trunk extension 
B)  Elbow extension and neck flexion 
C)  Trunk flexion, leg strength, and abdominal strength 
D)  Trunk extension and leg and hand strength

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes positioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children should assume a variety of positions. 
B)  The ideal functional position is sitting. 
C)  Positioning does not improve social interactions. 
D)  Only children younger than 1 year sit on the floor. 
A)  Children should assume a variety of positions. 
B)  The ideal functional position is sitting. 
C)  Positioning does not improve social interactions. 
D)  Only children younger than 1 year sit on the floor.

Question 9

The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) observes a 6-year-old child with cerebral palsy and high muscle tone using a W-sitting position on the floor at all times.What does this observation suggest about the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  He is developing normally. 
B)  He is using a compensatory position to establish stability. 
C)  He is using a position considered normal for an older child. 
D)  He is using a compensatory position to establish mobility. 
A)  He is developing normally. 
B)  He is using a compensatory position to establish stability. 
C)  He is using a position considered normal for an older child. 
D)  He is using a compensatory position to establish mobility.

Question 10

Anitra is a 2-year-old with low muscle tone, flat emotions, and frequent lethargy.The COTA who treats her has difficulty gaining Anitra's attention when trying to engage her in movement activities.What handling technique can facilitate increased tone, alertness, and activity level?

Accepted Answer

A) Slowly rocking with her positioned sideways in an adult-sized rocking chair. 
B)  Wrapping her with a light flannel blanket. 
C)  Tickling her feet. 
D)  Positioning her on the lap and bouncing her up and down. 
A) Slowly rocking with her positioned sideways in an adult-sized rocking chair. 
B)  Wrapping her with a light flannel blanket. 
C)  Tickling her feet. 
D)  Positioning her on the lap and bouncing her up and down.

Question 11

Which position benefits a child with increased trunk muscle extensor tone while standing in a Freedom stander?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrally positioned 
B)  Slightly tilted backward 
C)  Slightly tilted forward 
D)  Tilted back into supine position 
A)  Neutrally positioned 
B)  Slightly tilted backward 
C)  Slightly tilted forward 
D)  Tilted back into supine position

Question 12

What statement most closely describes the principle of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through repetition of movement, children develop improved neural pathways to help them move. 
B)  Repetition of movement improves muscle tone so that the child is able to sustain correct movements. 
C)  Repetition of movement increases range of motion and muscle strength. 
D)  Sensory feedback provided by handling techniques motivates the child to move. 
A)  Through repetition of movement, children develop improved neural pathways to help them move. 
B)  Repetition of movement improves muscle tone so that the child is able to sustain correct movements. 
C)  Repetition of movement increases range of motion and muscle strength. 
D)  Sensory feedback provided by handling techniques motivates the child to move.

Question 13

Which description is not a purpose of positioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improves functioning 
B)  Eliminates skin breakdown 
C)  Limits the child's movement 
D)  Enhances socialization 
A)  Improves functioning 
B)  Eliminates skin breakdown 
C)  Limits the child's movement 
D)  Enhances socialization

Question 14

The COTA positions her palm on the child's abdomen and back in an effort to help the child move from upright sitting to quadruped.What is the term used for what the practitioner is doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Handling 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Positioning 
D)  Weight bearing 
A)  Handling 
B)  Intervention 
C)  Positioning 
D)  Weight bearing

Exam 18: Positioning and Handling: A Neurodevelopmental Approach

What is the first event that must happen for a child to move?

What is considered the optimal sitting position for children with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia)?

What are the reactions called that bring the body back to midline position and the head into vertical position (e.g., when an infant is tilted to the side and brings his head back to the middle)?

Arthur is a 4-year-old with Down syndrome who is beginning to work on bilateral midline hand skills.His low muscle tone causes him to fatigue quickly when working against gravity.What is a good positioning choice to help Arthur's fine motor play?

Yuki is a 9-year-old with spastic quadriplegia.Yuki's parents would like her to be able to participate in their weekly family game time.What is the most important point to consider when developing a positioning plan for Yuki?

What does prone position facilitate in infants?

Which statement correctly describes positioning?

The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) observes a 6-year-old child with cerebral palsy and high muscle tone using a W-sitting position on the floor at all times.What does this observation suggest about the child?

Anitra is a 2-year-old with low muscle tone, flat emotions, and frequent lethargy.The COTA who treats her has difficulty gaining Anitra's attention when trying to engage her in movement activities.What handling technique can facilitate increased tone, alertness, and activity level?

Which position benefits a child with increased trunk muscle extensor tone while standing in a Freedom stander?

What statement most closely describes the principle of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)?

Which description is not a purpose of positioning?

The COTA positions her palm on the child's abdomen and back in an effort to help the child move from upright sitting to quadruped.What is the term used for what the practitioner is doing?

Scope of Practice

Family Systems

Medical Systems

Educational Systems

Community Systems

Principles of Normal Development

Development of Performance Skills

Development of Occupations

Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult

The Occupational Therapy Process

Anatomy and Physiology for the Pediatric Practitioner

Neuroscience for the Pediatric Practitioner

Pediatric Health Conditions

Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental Health Disorders

Childhood and Adolescent Obesity

Intellectual Disabilities

Cerebral Palsy

Activities of Daily Living and Sleeprest

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

Play and Playfulness

Functional Task at School: Handwriting

Therapeutic Media: Activity With Purpose

Motor Control and Motor Learning

Sensory Processingintegration and Occupation

Applying the Model of Human Occupation to Pediatric Practice

Assistive Technology

Orthoses, Orthotic Fabrication, and Elastic Therapeutic Taping for the Pediatric Population

Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy

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