Exam 6: Art From 1000 to 1400

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By the time of Marco Polo's Description of the World,the Chinese economy already used paper money.

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In the tympanum sculpture at La Madeleine at Vézelay what is used to indicate the significance of Christ?

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In the tympanum sculpture at La Madeleine at Vézelay, Christ is indicated as significant through various symbols and imagery. He is often depicted at the center of the composition, larger in size than the surrounding figures, and with a halo or crown to signify his divinity. Additionally, Christ may be shown holding a staff or scepter, representing his role as a ruler and leader. Other common symbols include the depiction of the crucifixion, the wounds on his hands and feet, and the presence of angels or other heavenly beings surrounding him. These visual cues serve to emphasize the importance and significance of Christ within the religious context of the sculpture.

What symbolic role did the plan of the capital city of the Mongol leaders of the Yuan Dynasty play?

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The capital city of the Mongol leaders of the Yuan Dynasty, known as Dadu (or Khanbaliq, which later became Beijing), played a significant symbolic role in several ways:

1. **Symbol of Mongol Power and Legitimacy**: The establishment of Dadu as the capital was a clear symbol of the Mongol conquest and their control over China. It served as a physical manifestation of their power and their legitimacy as rulers over the vast territory that was once ruled by Chinese dynasties.

2. **Cultural Integration**: The plan of Dadu reflected a blend of Mongol, Chinese, and other Central Asian influences, symbolizing the Yuan Dynasty's approach to governance that sought to integrate diverse cultures under their rule. This was a strategic move to unify the various ethnic groups and to promote stability within the empire.

3. **Cosmopolitanism and Internationalism**: Dadu was designed to be a cosmopolitan city that would attract traders, scholars, and artisans from all over the known world. This symbolized the Yuan Dynasty's openness to international influences and their desire to establish the city as a global hub of commerce and culture.

4. **Centralization of Power**: The layout of Dadu, with the imperial palace at the center, symbolized the centralization of power in the hands of the Mongol rulers. The city's design, with its grand avenues and administrative districts, reinforced the idea of an organized and hierarchical state with the emperor at its apex.

5. **Divine Mandate**: The planning and construction of Dadu were also imbued with traditional Chinese cosmological concepts, such as feng shui and the Mandate of Heaven. By adhering to these principles, the Mongol rulers symbolically aligned themselves with the divine order and the continuity of Chinese imperial tradition, thus seeking to legitimize their rule in the eyes of their Chinese subjects.

6. **Military Strength**: The strategic location and fortified walls of Dadu also symbolized the military strength of the Mongols. The city was designed to be defensible against both internal revolts and external threats, showcasing the military prowess that had enabled the Mongols to establish their empire.

In summary, the plan of the capital city of the Mongol leaders of the Yuan Dynasty was a multifaceted symbol that represented their power, legitimacy, cultural integration policies, cosmopolitanism, centralization of authority, alignment with traditional Chinese cosmological beliefs, and military strength. It was a deliberate effort to project the image of a stable, powerful, and legitimate regime that was the rightful ruler of China.

On the Great Mosque at Jenne in Mali,the horizontal protrusions that seem to bristle on the exterior are known as ____________.

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In what fashion is blue usually applied in a fresco painting?

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Discuss the spires of the ideal Gothic church.How do the spires serve the motivations and aspirations of the builders?

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The high,narrow nave of the Gothic cathedral is the climax of a long tradition in Christian art in which architects tried to invent a physical space that would express Christianity's ____________.

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The term "Gothic" originally was a complimentary salute to the sophisticated Visigoths,who preserved much of Roman culture in the 5ᵗʰ century.

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The ceiling over the nave at the Abbey Church of Ste.-Foy at Conques is a coffered,domical ceiling like the Pantheon.

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In a typical late-medieval tempera painting,the frame is not integral in the painting process and is added later.

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The outstanding rulers of the Khmer kingdom,who produced the temple complex at Angkor Wat,held a faith that was eclectic and acted as a source of power.

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The development of Gothic architecture seems to have been initiated by Abbot Suger at the Royal Abbey Church of ____________.

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Chartres Cathedral is the most memorable of French Gothic cathedrals because of the:

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In his painting Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Saints,Giotto renders his figures:

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The embroidered narrative of the Bayeux Tapestry depicts events that led to the ____________ of England.

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In the apse fresco from San Clemente in Tahull,Spain,the drapery flutters and folds in a(n) ____________.

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The sculpted trumeau figure of Beau Dieu at Amiens exhibits:

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Glowing,gemlike,stained glass windows support the idea that the Gothic cathedral serves as a metaphor for the Heavenly Jerusalem.

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Why did nineteenth-century historians coin the term "Romanesque" to describe the style of a church such as Ste.-Foy at Conques?

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In Giotto's Lamentation in the Arena Chapel,what do the angels do?

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