Exam 10: Diseases of the Urinary System

One symptom of kidney disease can be the odor of ammonia on the breath, which is caused by the accumulation of _____ in the blood.

A _____ examination enables visualization of the inside of the bladder and urethra.

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____.

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a slowly progressing infection of the glomeruli.

_____, a condition of elevated blood potassium, can cause cardiac arrest.

The color and volume of urine may indicate disease, for example diabetics produce _____.

IgA neuropathy is more common in women than in men.

_____, the crushing of kidney stones, is effective for 20% of kidney stones.

In acute kidney injury, at first low blood pressure occurs, then hypertension.

The kidneys produce the substance _____, which regulates blood pressure.

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys causes them to release _____, which acts on angiotension.

Acute kidney disease has three main causes: shock, tubular necrosis, and obstructed urine flow.

One of the symptoms of pyelonephritis is sudden back pain that spreads over the abdomen.

Pus in the urine is called _____, which makes the urine sample turbid or cloudy.

In _____ dialysis, dialyzing fluid is introduced into the abdominal cavity, where the cavity lining acts as a dialysis filter membrane.

Kidney cancer increases significantly after age 60, and the incidence of bladder cancer increases after age 70.

_____ determines the ability of the kidney to clear creatinine.

The hormones _____ play an important role in the regulation of the nephron's ability to reabsorb salt and water.

IgA nephropathy is an inflammatory disease resulting from IgA deposition in the _____.

Urine from the collecting ducts of the nephrons eventually empties into the renal calyces and renal _____ at the junction of the kidneys with the ureters.