Question 1

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  X inactivation. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  linkage. 
A)  X inactivation. 
B)  imprinting. 
C)  crossing over. 
D)  linkage.

Question 2

Cortical thickening peaks around the age of

Accepted Answer

A)  18 months. 
B)  11 to 12 years. 
C)  18 to 25 years. 
D)  45 years. 
A)  18 months. 
B)  11 to 12 years. 
C)  18 to 25 years. 
D)  45 years.

Question 3

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins were found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  very similar in all characteristics studied, regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
B)  similar in some characteristics studied, but not all, regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
C)  similar in all characteristics studied only if they were raised together. 
D)  similar in some characteristics studied, but not all, only if they were raised together. 
A)  very similar in all characteristics studied, regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
B)  similar in some characteristics studied, but not all, regardless of whether they were raised together or apart. 
C)  similar in all characteristics studied only if they were raised together. 
D)  similar in some characteristics studied, but not all, only if they were raised together.

Question 4

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Accepted Answer

A)  pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active. 
B)  activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized. 
C)  activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron. 
D)  the pre- and postsynaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter substances. 
A)  pre- and postsynaptic neurons are simultaneously active. 
B)  activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons are not synchronized. 
C)  activity in the postsynaptic neuron precedes activity in the presynaptic neuron. 
D)  the pre- and postsynaptic neurons use the same neurotransmitter substances.

Question 5

Neurites growing in the same direction often experience

Accepted Answer

A)  fasciculation. 
B)  apoptosis. 
C)  anterograde degeneration. 
D)  retrograde degeneration. 
A)  fasciculation. 
B)  apoptosis. 
C)  anterograde degeneration. 
D)  retrograde degeneration.

Question 6

Compared with non-twin siblings, fraternal twins

Accepted Answer

A)  experience the same level of genetic and environmental influence. 
B)  have more genes in common. 
C)  have fewer environmental influences in common. 
D)  have more environmental influences in common. 
A)  experience the same level of genetic and environmental influence. 
B)  have more genes in common. 
C)  have fewer environmental influences in common. 
D)  have more environmental influences in common.

Question 7

Neurotrophins prevent apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  caspases. 
B)  neurotrophins. 
C)  sonic hedgehog. 
D)  inducing proteins. 
A)  caspases. 
B)  neurotrophins. 
C)  sonic hedgehog. 
D)  inducing proteins.

Question 8

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent, and the heritability of adult body mass index (BMI) is 59 percent, we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Cells from the ectoderm of the developing embryo that do not develop into nervous tissue, develop into

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle and bone. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  skin. 
D)  internal organs. 
A)  muscle and bone. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  skin. 
D)  internal organs.

Question 10

_________ of the genes found on the X chromosome are duplicated on the Y chromosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  All 
B)  None 
C)  Most 
D)  Some 
A)  All 
B)  None 
C)  Most 
D)  Some

Question 11

Some studies indicate that ________ may protect the brain from the effects of stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular migration 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  increased levels of neurotrophins 
D)  neurogenesis 
A)  cellular migration 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  increased levels of neurotrophins 
D)  neurogenesis

Question 12

_______ are flat, sheetlike extensions that arise from growth cones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Microtubules 
B)  Filopodia 
C)  Lamellipodia 
D)  Cell adhesion molecules 
A)  Microtubules 
B)  Filopodia 
C)  Lamellipodia 
D)  Cell adhesion molecules

Question 13

The human brain is considered mature during which developmental period?

Accepted Answer

A)  early childhood 
B)  adolescence 
C)  late childhood 
D)  early adulthood 
A)  early childhood 
B)  adolescence 
C)  late childhood 
D)  early adulthood

Question 14

During brain development, in addition to axons growing out to make new synaptic contacts, synaptic pruning can occur. Synaptic pruning

Accepted Answer

A)  is a normal part of brain development. 
B)  is associated with mental retardation and results in too few connections. 
C)  results from insufficient amounts of neurotrophins. 
D)  results from excess amounts of neurotrophins. 
A)  is a normal part of brain development. 
B)  is associated with mental retardation and results in too few connections. 
C)  results from insufficient amounts of neurotrophins. 
D)  results from excess amounts of neurotrophins.

Question 15

A single human can produce eggs or sperm with more than _________ different combinations of his or her chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  800 
B)  8,000 
C)  800,000 
D)  8,000,000 
A)  800 
B)  8,000 
C)  800,000 
D)  8,000,000

Question 16

While males have one X chromosome, women have two. Women, however, have X chromosome inactivation, resulting in genes from only one of their X chromosomes being used. What advantage does this have? Using calico cats as a reference, explain when X chromosome inactivation may take place and what impact it has on the adult organism.

Accepted Answer

X chromosome inactivation occurs when on

Question 17

Brandon and Jacob are identical twins. However, Brandon had a finger damaged in an accident, so even if you couldn't tell them apart from a distance, once you saw the finger you knew who was who. This difference is a characteristic of their

Accepted Answer

A)  genotypes. 
B)  personalities. 
C)  heterozygous chromosomes. 
D)  phenotypes. 
A)  genotypes. 
B)  personalities. 
C)  heterozygous chromosomes. 
D)  phenotypes.

Question 18

Myelination occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  motor systems before it occurs in sensory systems. 
B)  sensory systems before it occurs in motor systems. 
C)  interneurons before either motor or sensory systems. 
D)  interneurons, sensory systems, and motor systems all at the same time. 
A)  motor systems before it occurs in sensory systems. 
B)  sensory systems before it occurs in motor systems. 
C)  interneurons before either motor or sensory systems. 
D)  interneurons, sensory systems, and motor systems all at the same time.

Question 19

A guidepost cell is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  repels all advancing growth cones. 
B)  attracts all advancing growth cones. 
C)  can repel or attract advancing growth cones. 
D)  forms cell adhesion molecules. 
A)  repels all advancing growth cones. 
B)  attracts all advancing growth cones. 
C)  can repel or attract advancing growth cones. 
D)  forms cell adhesion molecules.

Question 20

According to research by Elenor Ames, Romanian orphans showed optimum recovery from early childhood deprivation when they were adopted prior to the age of

Accepted Answer

A)  six months. 
B)  one year. 
C)  three years. 
D)  six years. 
A)  six months. 
B)  one year. 
C)  three years. 
D)  six years.

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

Cortical thickening peaks around the age of

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins were found to be

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Neurites growing in the same direction often experience

Compared with non-twin siblings, fraternal twins

Neurotrophins prevent apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent, and the heritability of adult body mass index (BMI) is 59 percent, we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

Cells from the ectoderm of the developing embryo that do not develop into nervous tissue, develop into

_________ of the genes found on the X chromosome are duplicated on the Y chromosome.

Some studies indicate that ________ may protect the brain from the effects of stress.

_______ are flat, sheetlike extensions that arise from growth cones.

The human brain is considered mature during which developmental period?

During brain development, in addition to axons growing out to make new synaptic contacts, synaptic pruning can occur. Synaptic pruning

A single human can produce eggs or sperm with more than _________ different combinations of his or her chromosomes.

Brandon and Jacob are identical twins. However, Brandon had a finger damaged in an accident, so even if you couldn't tell them apart from a distance, once you saw the finger you knew who was who. This difference is a characteristic of their

Myelination occurs in

A guidepost cell is one that

According to research by Elenor Ames, Romanian orphans showed optimum recovery from early childhood deprivation when they were adopted prior to the age of

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

A process that prevents the production of much higher amounts of protein in females than in males is known as

Cortical thickening peaks around the age of

In the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins were found to be

Experience strengthens existing synapses when

Neurites growing in the same direction often experience

Compared with non-twin siblings, fraternal twins

Neurotrophins prevent apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of

Because the heritability of height is 81 percent, and the heritability of adult body mass index (BMI) is 59 percent, we can conclude that genetics play a stronger role in the development of height than BMI.

Cells from the ectoderm of the developing embryo that do not develop into nervous tissue, develop into

_________ of the genes found on the X chromosome are duplicated on the Y chromosome.

Some studies indicate that ________ may protect the brain from the effects of stress.

_______ are flat, sheetlike extensions that arise from growth cones.

The human brain is considered mature during which developmental period?

During brain development, in addition to axons growing out to make new synaptic contacts, synaptic pruning can occur. Synaptic pruning

A single human can produce eggs or sperm with more than _________ different combinations of his or her chromosomes.

Brandon and Jacob are identical twins. However, Brandon had a finger damaged in an accident, so even if you couldn't tell them apart from a distance, once you saw the finger you knew who was who. This difference is a characteristic of their

Myelination occurs in

A guidepost cell is one that

According to research by Elenor Ames, Romanian orphans showed optimum recovery from early childhood deprivation when they were adopted prior to the age of

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters