Question 1

A(n) _____ is a fertilized egg during the first two weeks of a pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote 
B)  embryo 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  fetus 
A)  zygote 
B)  embryo 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  fetus

Question 2

The passing along of genes that are physically close to one another on the same chromosome is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  linkage. 
B)  crossing over. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  gene expression. 
A)  linkage. 
B)  crossing over. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  gene expression.

Question 3

Which of the following accurately describes the attraction of bases between strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. 
B)  A pairs with C, and T pairs with G. 
C)  A pairs with G, and T pairs with C. 
D)  A pairs with U, and T pairs with G. 
A)  A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. 
B)  A pairs with C, and T pairs with G. 
C)  A pairs with G, and T pairs with C. 
D)  A pairs with U, and T pairs with G.

Question 4

Alternative versions of a particular gene are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). 
B)  imprinted genes. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  proteomes. 
A)  single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). 
B)  imprinted genes. 
C)  alleles. 
D)  proteomes.

Question 5

Boxes a to d illustrate several influences on growing axons that help them reach their target cells. Briefly describe the process illustrated in each box.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________

Accepted Answer

Refer to F

Question 6

Which of the following statements about radial glia is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They degenerate when migration is complete. 
B)  They differentiate into astrocytes. 
C)  They retain the ability to produce daughter cells. 
D)  They differentiate into neurons. 
A)  They degenerate when migration is complete. 
B)  They differentiate into astrocytes. 
C)  They retain the ability to produce daughter cells. 
D)  They differentiate into neurons.

Question 7

The physical characteristics of an organism is referred to as its

Accepted Answer

A)  genome. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  chromosome. 
A)  genome. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  chromosome.

Question 8

In the development of the cerebral cortex

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic genetic factors control all differentiation. 
B)  extrinsic inducing factors control all differentiation. 
C)  a combination of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic inducing factors controls differentiation. 
D)  neither intrinsic genetic factors nor extrinsic inducing factors appear to play a role in differentiation. 
A)  intrinsic genetic factors control all differentiation. 
B)  extrinsic inducing factors control all differentiation. 
C)  a combination of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic inducing factors controls differentiation. 
D)  neither intrinsic genetic factors nor extrinsic inducing factors appear to play a role in differentiation.

Question 9

In a study of mothers who used combinations of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during pregnancy, it was found that they produced children who

Accepted Answer

A)  could not be distinguished from those produced by mothers who used alcohol only. 
B)  had less gray matter than other children for the first few weeks of life, but who were subsequently quite normal. 
C)  had less white matter than other children. 
D)  had less gray matter than other children at least until age 10 to 13 years. 
A)  could not be distinguished from those produced by mothers who used alcohol only. 
B)  had less gray matter than other children for the first few weeks of life, but who were subsequently quite normal. 
C)  had less white matter than other children. 
D)  had less gray matter than other children at least until age 10 to 13 years.

Question 10

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, occurs when specific genes are activated. Explain which genes are activated for apoptosis, what they express and what these expressed proteins do. Additionally, explain what can prevent apoptosis even when the genes are activated.

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, occ

Question 11

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease, an illness that results from a dominant gene. Her father, on the other hand, does not have the illness. What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sarah has no chance of developing the disease, as she would have inherited a healthy allele from her father. 
B)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease, as her mother could have given her either a healthy allele or an allele that produces the illness. 
C)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease, because her mother would not have the disease herself unless she was homozygous for Huntington's disease. 
D)  Sarah has a 25 percent chance of developing the disease, because her father could be a carrier. 
A)  Sarah has no chance of developing the disease, as she would have inherited a healthy allele from her father. 
B)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease, as her mother could have given her either a healthy allele or an allele that produces the illness. 
C)  Sarah has a 50 percent chance of developing the disease, because her mother would not have the disease herself unless she was homozygous for Huntington's disease. 
D)  Sarah has a 25 percent chance of developing the disease, because her father could be a carrier.

Question 12

This figure illustrates which of the following processes? (Figure 5.14)

Accepted Answer

A)  Migrating cells follow radial glia from the ventricular zone to the developing cortex. 
B)  Progenitor cells located in the ventricular zone produce daughter cells that remain in the ventricular zone or migrate. 
C)  Developing axons adhere to cell adhesion chemicals on the surface of other cells en route to forming synapses with target cells. 
D)  Guidepost cells release chemicals that either attract or repel growing axons. 
A)  Migrating cells follow radial glia from the ventricular zone to the developing cortex. 
B)  Progenitor cells located in the ventricular zone produce daughter cells that remain in the ventricular zone or migrate. 
C)  Developing axons adhere to cell adhesion chemicals on the surface of other cells en route to forming synapses with target cells. 
D)  Guidepost cells release chemicals that either attract or repel growing axons.

Question 13

The human genome has the greatest number of genes of all species studied to date.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Synapse formation involves an initial co

Question 15

_________ occurs when one X chromosome from a pair in a female's cell is silenced during development.

Accepted Answer

A)  X chromosome inactivation 
B)  X chromosome activation 
C)  Crossing over 
D)  Nondisjunction 
A)  X chromosome inactivation 
B)  X chromosome activation 
C)  Crossing over 
D)  Nondisjunction

Question 16

Which of the following species have the greatest number of genes in their genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  flies 
C)  yeast cells 
D)  human beings 
A)  plants 
B)  flies 
C)  yeast cells 
D)  human beings

Question 17

In human development, which germ layer gives rise to the muscles, connective tissue, and bone and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)  the endoderm 
B)  the mesoderm 
C)  the ectoderm 
D)  the blastoderm 
A)  the endoderm 
B)  the mesoderm 
C)  the ectoderm 
D)  the blastoderm

Question 18

Compared to those with neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, healthy older adults show

Accepted Answer

A)  no changes in pathways associated with memory. 
B)  no changes in any pathways. 
C)  changes of the same magnitude, but in different pathways. 
D)  more subtle changes in the same pathways. 
A)  no changes in pathways associated with memory. 
B)  no changes in any pathways. 
C)  changes of the same magnitude, but in different pathways. 
D)  more subtle changes in the same pathways.

Question 19

Myelination of the human spinal cord and brain begins about 24 weeks following conception and is complete by the age of about 18 months.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Studies have indicated that when the myelination of language areas finishes, this marks

Accepted Answer

A)  the beginning of a period of enhanced language learning, as the brain is now mature enough to manage this new type of input. 
B)  that a child will be mentally retarded, as learning will be adversely impacted. 
C)  the onset of adulthood. 
D)  the end of a critical period for language learning. 
A)  the beginning of a period of enhanced language learning, as the brain is now mature enough to manage this new type of input. 
B)  that a child will be mentally retarded, as learning will be adversely impacted. 
C)  the onset of adulthood. 
D)  the end of a critical period for language learning.

A(n) _____ is a fertilized egg during the first two weeks of a pregnancy.

The passing along of genes that are physically close to one another on the same chromosome is known as

Which of the following accurately describes the attraction of bases between strands of DNA?

Alternative versions of a particular gene are known as

Boxes a to d illustrate several influences on growing axons that help them reach their target cells. Briefly describe the process illustrated in each box. a. b. c. d.

Which of the following statements about radial glia is true?

The physical characteristics of an organism is referred to as its

In the development of the cerebral cortex

In a study of mothers who used combinations of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during pregnancy, it was found that they produced children who

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, occurs when specific genes are activated. Explain which genes are activated for apoptosis, what they express and what these expressed proteins do. Additionally, explain what can prevent apoptosis even when the genes are activated.

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease, an illness that results from a dominant gene. Her father, on the other hand, does not have the illness. What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

This figure illustrates which of the following processes? (Figure 5.14)

The human genome has the greatest number of genes of all species studied to date.

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

_________ occurs when one X chromosome from a pair in a female's cell is silenced during development.

Which of the following species have the greatest number of genes in their genome?

In human development, which germ layer gives rise to the muscles, connective tissue, and bone and blood vessels?

Compared to those with neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, healthy older adults show

Myelination of the human spinal cord and brain begins about 24 weeks following conception and is complete by the age of about 18 months.

Studies have indicated that when the myelination of language areas finishes, this marks

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

A(n) _____ is a fertilized egg during the first two weeks of a pregnancy.

The passing along of genes that are physically close to one another on the same chromosome is known as

Which of the following accurately describes the attraction of bases between strands of DNA?

Alternative versions of a particular gene are known as

Which of the following statements about radial glia is true?

The physical characteristics of an organism is referred to as its

In the development of the cerebral cortex

In a study of mothers who used combinations of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine during pregnancy, it was found that they produced children who

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, occurs when specific genes are activated. Explain which genes are activated for apoptosis, what they express and what these expressed proteins do. Additionally, explain what can prevent apoptosis even when the genes are activated.

Sarah's mother has Huntington's disease, an illness that results from a dominant gene. Her father, on the other hand, does not have the illness. What is the likelihood that Sarah herself will develop the disease?

This figure illustrates which of the following processes? (Figure 5.14)

The human genome has the greatest number of genes of all species studied to date.

Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.

_________ occurs when one X chromosome from a pair in a female's cell is silenced during development.

Which of the following species have the greatest number of genes in their genome?

In human development, which germ layer gives rise to the muscles, connective tissue, and bone and blood vessels?

Compared to those with neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, healthy older adults show

Myelination of the human spinal cord and brain begins about 24 weeks following conception and is complete by the age of about 18 months.

Studies have indicated that when the myelination of language areas finishes, this marks

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters