Question 1

​An adult who eats an adequate,balanced diet is diagnosed with a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.How might this deficiency have developed,and how will it likely be treated?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency most often reflects poor absorption due to (1)too little stomach acid to liberate vitamin B₁₂ from food or (2)a lack of intrinsic factor (IF),a compound made by the stomach and needed for B₁₂ absorption.There are a few reasons for B₁₂ deficiency that are not associated with inadequate dietary intake.With age,many people lose their ability to produce enough stomach acid and intrinsic factor to allow efficient absorption of vitamin B₁₂.Additionally,intestinal diseases,surgeries,or stomach infection with an ulcer-causing bacterium can also impair B₁₂ absorption.Taking a common diabetes drug can also make vitamin B₁₂ deficiency likely.In cases of B₁₂ malabsorption,the vitamin must be supplied by injection or via nasal spray to bypass the defective absorptive system.

Question 2

Compare the characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Solubility confers on vitamins many of their characteristics.It determines how they are absorbed into and transported around by the bloodstream,whether they can be stored in the body,and how easily they are lost from the body.Fat-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into the lymph,and they travel in the blood in association with protein carriers.Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the liver or with other lipids in fatty tissues,and some can build up to toxic concentrations.On the other hand,the water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream,where they travel freely.Most are not stored in tissues to any great extent;rather,excesses are excreted in the urine.Thus,the risks of immediate toxicities are not as great for water-soluble vitamins as they are for fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 3

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:​

Accepted Answer

A) K. 
B) C. 
C) ​A. 
D) d.​ 
E) ​e. 
A) K. 
B) C. 
C) ​A. 
D) d.​ 
E) ​e. B

Question 4

​Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) protein 
C) ​carbohydrate 
D) ​fat 
E) ​medication 
A) calcium 
B) protein 
C) ​carbohydrate 
D) ​fat 
E) ​medication

Question 5

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity,with the possible exception of what food?​

Accepted Answer

A) carrots 
B) liver 
C) ​cheese 
D) ​fortified breakfast cereals 
E) ​eggs 
A) carrots 
B) liver 
C) ​cheese 
D) ​fortified breakfast cereals 
E) ​eggs

Question 6

Vitamin E serves as:​

Accepted Answer

A) a provitamin. 
B) an antioxidant. 
C) ​an antivitamin. 
D) ​a vitamin antagonist. 
E) ​a precursor. 
A) a provitamin. 
B) an antioxidant. 
C) ​an antivitamin. 
D) ​a vitamin antagonist. 
E) ​a precursor.

Question 7

Why is folate important for women of childbearing age,and what action has the FDA taken to increase the folate content of the diets of this population group? What has been the result of this FDA action?

Accepted Answer

By consuming enough folate during her ch

Question 8

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:​

Accepted Answer

A) chromium. 
B) riboflavin. 
C) ​vitamin B₁₂. 
D) ​potassium. 
E) ​vitamin e. 
A) chromium. 
B) riboflavin. 
C) ​vitamin B₁₂. 
D) ​potassium. 
E) ​vitamin e.

Question 9

Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:​

Accepted Answer

A) it has not been fortified with thiamin,riboflavin,or niacin. 
B) 100% of its B vitamins will be absorbed into the body. 
C) ​it will require less fortification than a refined wheat cereal to reach 100% of the DV. 
D) ​absorption of its B vitamins will be blocked because of the fiber content. 
E) it also contains all the fat-soluble vitamins because it includes the germ layer. 
A) it has not been fortified with thiamin,riboflavin,or niacin. 
B) 100% of its B vitamins will be absorbed into the body. 
C) ​it will require less fortification than a refined wheat cereal to reach 100% of the DV. 
D) ​absorption of its B vitamins will be blocked because of the fiber content. 
E) it also contains all the fat-soluble vitamins because it includes the germ layer.

Question 10

​As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) E 
C) ​A 
D) ​K 
E) ​B₆ 
A) D 
B) E 
C) ​A 
D) ​K 
E) ​B₆

Question 11

The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:​

Accepted Answer

A) read the food labels on processed foods to see the listed vitamins. 
B) memorize the recommended values of the vitamins to be eaten daily. 
C) ​select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins. 
D) ​make sure that each food selected is the richest source of a particular vitamin you need. 
E) ​eat a calorie-dense diet. 
A) read the food labels on processed foods to see the listed vitamins. 
B) memorize the recommended values of the vitamins to be eaten daily. 
C) ​select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins. 
D) ​make sure that each food selected is the richest source of a particular vitamin you need. 
E) ​eat a calorie-dense diet.

Question 12

Which statement about choline is FALSE?​

Accepted Answer

A) Choline is considered to be a conditionally essential nutrient. 
B) Choline is commonly found in foods. 
C) ​There are no DRI recommendations for choline. 
D) ​Choline plays important roles in fetal development. 
E) ​The body cannot make enough choline to meet its needs. 
A) Choline is considered to be a conditionally essential nutrient. 
B) Choline is commonly found in foods. 
C) ​There are no DRI recommendations for choline. 
D) ​Choline plays important roles in fetal development. 
E) ​The body cannot make enough choline to meet its needs.

Question 13

The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.​

Accepted Answer

A) 10​ 
B) 5 
C) ​500 
D) ​20 
E) 100​ 
A) 10​ 
B) 5 
C) ​500 
D) ​20 
E) 100​

Question 14

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?​

Accepted Answer

A) fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues 
B) water-soluble vitamins because they are readily absorbed and circulate in the blood 
C) water-soluble vitamins because they are the main type found in vitamin supplements 
D) fat-soluble vitamins because they are found in higher amounts in foods 
E) ​Bvitamins because they are highly abundant in many types of foods 
A) fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues 
B) water-soluble vitamins because they are readily absorbed and circulate in the blood 
C) water-soluble vitamins because they are the main type found in vitamin supplements 
D) fat-soluble vitamins because they are found in higher amounts in foods 
E) ​Bvitamins because they are highly abundant in many types of foods

Question 15

Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from​

Accepted Answer

A) cooked vegetables. 
B) meats,fish,poultry,and eggs. 
C) ​vegetable oils and products made from them. 
D) ​convenience and fast foods. 
E) ​fruits and vegetables. 
A) cooked vegetables. 
B) meats,fish,poultry,and eggs. 
C) ​vegetable oils and products made from them. 
D) ​convenience and fast foods. 
E) ​fruits and vegetables.

Question 16

In the U.S. ,scurvy is seldom seen today except in:​

Accepted Answer

A) people addicted to alcohol. 
B) young women. 
C) ​vegetarians. 
D) ​breastfed infants. 
E) ​dieters. 
A) people addicted to alcohol. 
B) young women. 
C) ​vegetarians. 
D) ​breastfed infants. 
E) ​dieters.

Question 17

What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?​

Accepted Answer

A) to protect and recycle vitamin E to its active form 
B) to produce and maintain collagen 
C) ​to promote the absorption of iron 
D) ​to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs 
E) ​to help form scar tissue that heals wounds 
A) to protect and recycle vitamin E to its active form 
B) to produce and maintain collagen 
C) ​to promote the absorption of iron 
D) ​to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs 
E) ​to help form scar tissue that heals wounds

Question 18

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:​

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin C supplements are associated with reduced chronic disease risk. 
B) people who take vitamin E supplements have lower rates of heart disease. 
C) beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers. 
D) ​all supplements sold in this country are safe. 
E) ​supplements can fix nutrient deficiencies so a diet that lacks many nutrients is not dangerous. 
A) vitamin C supplements are associated with reduced chronic disease risk. 
B) people who take vitamin E supplements have lower rates of heart disease. 
C) beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers. 
D) ​all supplements sold in this country are safe. 
E) ​supplements can fix nutrient deficiencies so a diet that lacks many nutrients is not dangerous.

Question 19

The main function of vitamin K is:​

Accepted Answer

A) to quench free radicals. 
B) to help synthesize key bone proteins. 
C) ​to influence body functions through its regulation of the genes. 
D) ​to help activate proteins that help clot the blood. 
E) ​to act as an antioxidant in cell membranes. 
A) to quench free radicals. 
B) to help synthesize key bone proteins. 
C) ​to influence body functions through its regulation of the genes. 
D) ​to help activate proteins that help clot the blood. 
E) ​to act as an antioxidant in cell membranes.

Question 20

Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:​

Accepted Answer

A) bone health. 
B) cell growth and specialization. 
C) ​influence over reproductive system cells. 
D) ​health of the retina in the eye. 
E) ​influence over hair follicles. 
A) bone health. 
B) cell growth and specialization. 
C) ​influence over reproductive system cells. 
D) ​health of the retina in the eye. 
E) ​influence over hair follicles.

An adult who eats an adequate,balanced diet is diagnosed with a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.How might this deficiency have developed,and how will it likely be treated?

Compare the characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins.

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:

Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity,with the possible exception of what food?

Vitamin E serves as:

Why is folate important for women of childbearing age,and what action has the FDA taken to increase the folate content of the diets of this population group? What has been the result of this FDA action?

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:

Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:

As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.

The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:

Which statement about choline is FALSE?

The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?

Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from

In the U.S. ,scurvy is seldom seen today except in:

What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:

The main function of vitamin K is:

Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:

Food Choices and Human Health

Nutrition Tools Standards and Guidelines

The Remarkable Body

The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch Glycogen and Fiber

The Lipids Fats Oils Phospholipids and Sterols

The Proteins and Amino Acids

Water and Minerals

Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Performance Nutrition

Diet and Health

Food Safety and Food Technology

Life Cycle Nutrition Mother and Infant

Child Teen and Older Adult

Hunger and the Global Environment

Filters

Exam 7: The Vitamins

​An adult who eats an adequate,balanced diet is diagnosed with a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.How might this deficiency have developed,and how will it likely be treated?

Compare the characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins.

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:​

​Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity,with the possible exception of what food?​

Vitamin E serves as:​

Why is folate important for women of childbearing age,and what action has the FDA taken to increase the folate content of the diets of this population group? What has been the result of this FDA action?

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:​

Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:​

​As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.

The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:​

Which statement about choline is FALSE?​

The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.​

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?​

Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from​

In the U.S. ,scurvy is seldom seen today except in:​

What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?​

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:​

The main function of vitamin K is:​

Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:​

Food Choices and Human Health

Nutrition Tools Standards and Guidelines

The Remarkable Body

The Carbohydrates Sugar Starch Glycogen and Fiber

The Lipids Fats Oils Phospholipids and Sterols

The Proteins and Amino Acids

Water and Minerals

Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Performance Nutrition

Diet and Health

Food Safety and Food Technology

Life Cycle Nutrition Mother and Infant

Child Teen and Older Adult

Hunger and the Global Environment

Filters

An adult who eats an adequate,balanced diet is diagnosed with a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.How might this deficiency have developed,and how will it likely be treated?

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:

Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity,with the possible exception of what food?

Vitamin E serves as:

Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:

Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:

As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.

The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:

Which statement about choline is FALSE?

The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.

Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?

Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from

In the U.S. ,scurvy is seldom seen today except in:

What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?

Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:

The main function of vitamin K is:

Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except: