Question 1

What method can be used to separate ribosomal protein subunits?

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase chain reaction 
B) gel electrophoresis 
C) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D) CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation 
E) cryo-EM 
A) polymerase chain reaction 
B) gel electrophoresis 
C) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D) CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation 
E) cryo-EM

Question 2

Describe the process of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.What are the two dimensions referring to? How is this technique different from conventional gel electrophoresis,and when would it be used?

Accepted Answer

In 2-D gel electrophoresis,proteins are

Question 3

A polycistronic mRNA contains multiple what?

Accepted Answer

A) promoters 
B) Shine-Dalgarno sequences 
C) Kozak sequences 
D) mRNAs 
E) polypeptide-producing sequences 
A) promoters 
B) Shine-Dalgarno sequences 
C) Kozak sequences 
D) mRNAs 
E) polypeptide-producing sequences

Question 4

Which of these choices represents one possible corresponding mRNA sequence that can be transcribed from the following DNA template? 
5′ - CTGTATCCTAGCACCCAAATCGCATTAGGAC - 3′

Accepted Answer

A) 5′ - ATG CGA TTT GGG TGC TAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC - 3′ 
D) 5′ - CTA GCA CCC AAA TCG CAT TAG - 3' 
E) 3′ - GGA CAU AGG UAC GUG GGU UUA GCG UAA UCC UG - 5′ 
A) 5′ - ATG CGA TTT GGG TGC TAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC - 3′ 
D) 5′ - CTA GCA CCC AAA TCG CAT TAG - 3' 
E) 3′ - GGA CAU AGG UAC GUG GGU UUA GCG UAA UCC UG - 5′

Question 5

In eukaryotes,the initiation factor proteins eIF1A and eIF3 join with ________ to form the preinitiation complex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In eukaryotes,the initiation factor proteins eIF1A and...

Question 6

If the pH gradient in a two-dimensional gel is lost,which step during two-dimensional electrophoresis would be affected?

Accepted Answer

isoelectri

Question 7

Thanks to flexible base pairing,the wobble nucleotides in anticodons can be any of the RNA nucleotides or which modified nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thanks to flexible base pairing,the wobble nucleotides...

Question 8

Many antibiotics cause mispairing between codons and anticodons.What fatal effect would this mispairing have on the cell?

Accepted Answer

defective

Question 9

Describe what is meant by a "conformational disease" and give an example.Why do you think these diseases exhibit late age of onset?

Accepted Answer

Diseases resulting from the death of cel

Question 10

Given the following mRNA sequence,which of the following mutations would affect the protein sequence? 
5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′

Accepted Answer

A) 5′ - AUG CAA UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCA UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CAG UUG GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
D) 5′ - AUG CAA UUA GCG UGU UAG - 3′ 
E) 5′ - AUG CAC UUA GCA UGC UAG - 3′ 
A) 5′ - AUG CAA UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCA UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CAG UUG GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
D) 5′ - AUG CAA UUA GCG UGU UAG - 3′ 
E) 5′ - AUG CAC UUA GCA UGC UAG - 3′

Question 11

What result would you expect if you mutate one of the four arms of a tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The tRNA will fit into the A site but will not release the peptide at the P site. 
B) The tRNA will not be recognized by tRNA synthetase and cannot be charged. 
C) The tRNA will be charged with the wrong amino acid. 
D) The tRNA will not be able to undergo traditional complementary base pairing. 
E) There will be no effect on function,so long as the anticodon region is intact. 
A) The tRNA will fit into the A site but will not release the peptide at the P site. 
B) The tRNA will not be recognized by tRNA synthetase and cannot be charged. 
C) The tRNA will be charged with the wrong amino acid. 
D) The tRNA will not be able to undergo traditional complementary base pairing. 
E) There will be no effect on function,so long as the anticodon region is intact.

Question 12

Bacteria group their genes such that they share a single promoter and the mRNA transcript synthesizes several different polypeptides.Collectively,these are referred to as ________ mRNAs,which are part of the operon system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria group their genes such that they...

Question 13

How does the eukaryotic initiation complex locate the true start codon?

Accepted Answer

A) The true start codon is the first ATG encountered downstream of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
B) The initiation complex moves the small ribosomal subunit through the 5′ UTR,scanning for the start AUG. 
C) The preinitiation complex moves the ribosome through the 3′ UTR,scanning for the Kozak sequence. 
D) The true start codon is the first ATG encountered downstream of the Kozak sequence. 
E) The true start codon is the formyl-ATG,which will encode for fMet in the protein. 
A) The true start codon is the first ATG encountered downstream of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. 
B) The initiation complex moves the small ribosomal subunit through the 5′ UTR,scanning for the start AUG. 
C) The preinitiation complex moves the ribosome through the 3′ UTR,scanning for the Kozak sequence. 
D) The true start codon is the first ATG encountered downstream of the Kozak sequence. 
E) The true start codon is the formyl-ATG,which will encode for fMet in the protein.

Question 14

Experiments by Chapeville and colleagues proved that the genetic code derives its specificity through what interactions?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds that maintain the shape of the tRNAs 
B) complementary base pairing between amino acids and tRNA 
C) complementary base pairing between tRNA and mRNA 
D) ionic bonds between the small and large subunits of the ribosome 
E) hydrogen bonding between the ribosomal subunits and the mRNA 
A) hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds that maintain the shape of the tRNAs 
B) complementary base pairing between amino acids and tRNA 
C) complementary base pairing between tRNA and mRNA 
D) ionic bonds between the small and large subunits of the ribosome 
E) hydrogen bonding between the ribosomal subunits and the mRNA

Question 15

In the Golgi,what type of protein modification will signal the polypeptide destination by determining the receptor to which the peptide will bind?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Golgi,what type of protein modification...

Question 16

During translation initiation in prokaryotes,the amino acid on the initiator tRNA is

Accepted Answer

A) methionine (Met). 
B) N-formylmethionine (fMet). 
C) acetylated. 
D) IF-1. 
E) added using ATP as the energy source. 
A) methionine (Met). 
B) N-formylmethionine (fMet). 
C) acetylated. 
D) IF-1. 
E) added using ATP as the energy source.

Question 17

Sidney Brenner designed an experiment to determine if the triplet code was overlapping or nonoverlapping.If the code were overlapping,how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon?
5′ - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3′

Accepted Answer

9 (AUG UGC

Question 18

Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events that result in polypeptide release and dissociation of ribosomal subunits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events...

Question 19

If you are designing an antibiotic that inhibits peptide bond formation,what protein would you target?

Accepted Answer

peptidyl t

Question 20

Ribosomal subunits are measured in which units,which describe the speed of sedimentation of a substance during centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ribosomal subunits are measured in which units,which...

Exam 9: The Molecular Biology of Translation

What method can be used to separate ribosomal protein subunits?

Describe the process of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.What are the two dimensions referring to? How is this technique different from conventional gel electrophoresis,and when would it be used?

A polycistronic mRNA contains multiple what?

Which of these choices represents one possible corresponding mRNA sequence that can be transcribed from the following DNA template? 5′ - CTGTATCCTAGCACCCAAATCGCATTAGGAC - 3′

In eukaryotes,the initiation factor proteins eIF1A and eIF3 join with ________ to form the preinitiation complex.

If the pH gradient in a two-dimensional gel is lost,which step during two-dimensional electrophoresis would be affected?

Thanks to flexible base pairing,the wobble nucleotides in anticodons can be any of the RNA nucleotides or which modified nucleotide?

Many antibiotics cause mispairing between codons and anticodons.What fatal effect would this mispairing have on the cell?

Describe what is meant by a "conformational disease" and give an example.Why do you think these diseases exhibit late age of onset?

Given the following mRNA sequence,which of the following mutations would affect the protein sequence? 5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′

What result would you expect if you mutate one of the four arms of a tRNA?

Bacteria group their genes such that they share a single promoter and the mRNA transcript synthesizes several different polypeptides.Collectively,these are referred to as ________ mRNAs,which are part of the operon system.

How does the eukaryotic initiation complex locate the true start codon?

Experiments by Chapeville and colleagues proved that the genetic code derives its specificity through what interactions?

In the Golgi,what type of protein modification will signal the polypeptide destination by determining the receptor to which the peptide will bind?

During translation initiation in prokaryotes,the amino acid on the initiator tRNA is

Sidney Brenner designed an experiment to determine if the triplet code was overlapping or nonoverlapping.If the code were overlapping,how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon? 5′ - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3′

Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events that result in polypeptide release and dissociation of ribosomal subunits?

If you are designing an antibiotic that inhibits peptide bond formation,what protein would you target?

Ribosomal subunits are measured in which units,which describe the speed of sedimentation of a substance during centrifugation?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

DNA Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant DNA Technology

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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