Question 1

An infant is beginning to develop BPD. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Furosemide (LasixÒ) 
B)  Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) 
C)  Inhaled albuterol 
D)  FIO2 >50% 
A)  Furosemide (LasixÒ) 
B)  Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) 
C)  Inhaled albuterol 
D)  FIO2 >50% B

Question 2

What is the most significant treatment of the neonate for the prevention of BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corticosteroids 
B)  Diuretic therapy 
C)  Vitamin E therapy 
D)  Exogenous surfactant 
A)  Corticosteroids 
B)  Diuretic therapy 
C)  Vitamin E therapy 
D)  Exogenous surfactant D

Question 3

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin A 
B)  Vitamin C 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Proteins 
A)  Vitamin A 
B)  Vitamin C 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Proteins A

Question 4

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a severe case of the condition?
1) Requires >30% oxygen upon discharge
2) Requires nasal CPAP at discharge
3) Requires room air upon discharge
4) Required supplemental oxygen for first 28 days of life

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  3, 4

Question 5

All of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of BPD EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  high peak inspiratory pressure. 
B)  ventilatory rate of 40 breaths/min. 
C)  tidal volumes <5 mL/kg. 
D)  high mean airway pressure. 
A)  high peak inspiratory pressure. 
B)  ventilatory rate of 40 breaths/min. 
C)  tidal volumes <5 mL/kg. 
D)  high mean airway pressure.

Question 6

If a patient has an advanced stage of BPD, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumomediastinum 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Change in point of maximum impulse 
D)  Cor pulmonale 
A)  Pneumomediastinum 
B)  Cardiac tamponade 
C)  Change in point of maximum impulse 
D)  Cor pulmonale

Question 7

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a mild case of the condition?
1) Breathing room air upon discharge
2) Needed nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
3) Needs <30% oxygen upon discharge
4) Needed supplemental oxygen for 28 days

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  2, 3 
B)  1, 4 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4

Question 8

A neonate is reported to have classic Stage IV BPD with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test finding(s) would confirm this?
1) Increased RV/TLC ratio
2) Increased FRC
3) Decreased VC
4) Increased RV

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  1, 2 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  3 
B)  1, 2 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 4

Question 9

What agent can be administered to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin D 
B)  Bronchodilators 
C)  Ribavirin (VirazoleÒ) 
D)  Corticosteroids 
A)  Vitamin D 
B)  Bronchodilators 
C)  Ribavirin (VirazoleÒ) 
D)  Corticosteroids

Question 10

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birth weight >3000 g 
B)  Overfeeding 
C)  Use of beta2-agonists 
D)  Bacterial sepsis 
A)  Birth weight >3000 g 
B)  Overfeeding 
C)  Use of beta2-agonists 
D)  Bacterial sepsis

Question 11

What is the major anatomic pathology associated with new BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveolar hypoplasia 
B)  Alveolar hyperplasia 
C)  Alveolar atelectasis 
D)  Alveolar-capillary wall thickening 
A)  Alveolar hypoplasia 
B)  Alveolar hyperplasia 
C)  Alveolar atelectasis 
D)  Alveolar-capillary wall thickening

Question 12

What is the most common chronic lung disease of premature infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  BPD 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cystic fibrosis 
D)  TTN 
A)  BPD 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cystic fibrosis 
D)  TTN

Question 13

A patient with classic Stage 1 BPD will have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ground-glass granular pattern 
B)  Emphysematous bullae 
C)  Honeycomb appearance 
D)  Mediastinal shift 
A)  Ground-glass granular pattern 
B)  Emphysematous bullae 
C)  Honeycomb appearance 
D)  Mediastinal shift

Question 14

What changes result when stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes develop during mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid leakage into alveolar spaces 
B)  Bronchospasm 
C)  Pulmonary embolism 
D)  TTN 
A)  Fluid leakage into alveolar spaces 
B)  Bronchospasm 
C)  Pulmonary embolism 
D)  TTN

Question 15

What would contribute to the development of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in an infant delivered at 25 weeks' gestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interruption of the canalicular stage of lung development 
B)  Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) 
C)  Low Apgar scores 
D)  Laryngotracheobronchitis 
A)  Interruption of the canalicular stage of lung development 
B)  Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) 
C)  Low Apgar scores 
D)  Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 16

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with BPD?
1) Expiratory grunting
2) Wheezes and crackles
3) Flaring nostrils
4) Intercostal retractions

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 17

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of inhaled parasympatholytic agents 
B)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A)  
C)  High Apgar scores 
D)  Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) 
A)  Use of inhaled parasympatholytic agents 
B)  Patent ductus arteriosus (PD
A)  
C)  High Apgar scores 
D)  Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Exam 38: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

An infant is beginning to develop BPD. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

What is the most significant treatment of the neonate for the prevention of BPD?

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a severe case of the condition? 1) Requires >30% oxygen upon discharge 2) Requires nasal CPAP at discharge 3) Requires room air upon discharge 4) Required supplemental oxygen for first 28 days of life

All of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of BPD EXCEPT:

If a patient has an advanced stage of BPD, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a mild case of the condition? 1) Breathing room air upon discharge 2) Needed nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 3) Needs <30% oxygen upon discharge 4) Needed supplemental oxygen for 28 days

A neonate is reported to have classic Stage IV BPD with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test finding(s) would confirm this? 1) Increased RV/TLC ratio 2) Increased FRC 3) Decreased VC 4) Increased RV

What agent can be administered to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of BPD?

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

What is the major anatomic pathology associated with new BPD?

What is the most common chronic lung disease of premature infants?

A patient with classic Stage 1 BPD will have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

What changes result when stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes develop during mechanical ventilation?

What would contribute to the development of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in an infant delivered at 25 weeks' gestation?

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with BPD? 1) Expiratory grunting 2) Wheezes and crackles 3) Flaring nostrils 4) Intercostal retractions

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

The Patient Interview

The Physical Examination and Its Basis in Physiology

Pulmonary Function Study Assessments

Arterial Blood Gas Assessments

Oxygenation Assessments

Cardiovascular System Assessments

Radiologic Examination of the Chest

Other Important Tests and Procedures

The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program and the Role of the Respiratory Therapist

Respiratory Failure and the Mechanical Ventilation Protocol

Recording Skills: The Basis for Data Collection, Organization, Assessment Skill

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Asthma

Bronchiectasis

Cystic Fibrosis

Pneumonia

Lung Abscess

Tuberculosis

Fungal Diseases of the Lung

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension

Flail Chest

Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Kyphoscoliosis

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Cancer of the Lung

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Myasthenia Gravis

Sleep Apnea

Clinical Manifestations Common with Newborn and Early Childhood Respiratory Dis

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Air Leak Syndromes

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Bronchiolitis or Pneumonitis)

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital Heart Diseases

Croup Syndrome: Laryngotracheobronchitis and Acute Epiglottitis

Near Drowning/Wet Drowning

Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

Atelectasis

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