Question 1

All of the following may be an advantage of in-home portable sleep testing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  convenience. 
B)  patient acceptance. 
C)  can be easily performed over multiple nights. 
D)  decreased cost. 
E)  published standards for scoring or interpretation. 
A)  convenience. 
B)  patient acceptance. 
C)  can be easily performed over multiple nights. 
D)  decreased cost. 
E)  published standards for scoring or interpretation. E

Question 2

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) insomnia.
2) excessive daytime sleepiness.
3) hypothyroidism.
4) metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 A

Question 3

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator. 
B)  prevents airway collapse. 
C)  stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing. 
D)  delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient. 
A)  pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator. 
B)  prevents airway collapse. 
C)  stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing. 
D)  delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient. B

Question 4

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes. 
B)  stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes. 
C)  increase the respiratory drive in the medulla. 
D)  blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus. 
A)  preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes. 
B)  stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes. 
C)  increase the respiratory drive in the medulla. 
D)  blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus.

Question 5

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits?
1) Obstructive apnea traits
2) Central apnea traits
3) Usually begins as central apnea
4) Usually ends as central apnea

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 4 
B)  1, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  1, 2, 4 
A)  2, 4 
B)  1, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  1, 2, 4

Question 6

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings?
1) More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep
2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period
3) More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive.
4) More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 3, 4

Question 7

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity. 
B)  determine the lowest possible CPAP level. 
C)  find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway. 
D)  determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation. 
A)  find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity. 
B)  determine the lowest possible CPAP level. 
C)  find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway. 
D)  determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation.

Question 8

All of the following are evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  breath sounds. 
B)  chest and/or abdominal movement. 
C)  electro-oculogram (EOG). 
D)  nasal and oral air flow. 
A)  breath sounds. 
B)  chest and/or abdominal movement. 
C)  electro-oculogram (EOG). 
D)  nasal and oral air flow.

Question 9

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea?
1) Acetazolamide
2) Oxygen therapy
3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications
4) Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 10

All of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm functions normally. 
B)  the person is easy to awaken. 
C)  dreaming occurs. 
D)  skeletal muscles are paralyzed. 
A)  the diaphragm functions normally. 
B)  the person is easy to awaken. 
C)  dreaming occurs. 
D)  skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

Question 11

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk of obstructive sleep apnea. All of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  excess weight. 
B)  neck size. 
C)  hypertension. 
D)  hypoglycemia. 
E)  chronic nasal congestion. 
A)  excess weight. 
B)  neck size. 
C)  hypertension. 
D)  hypoglycemia. 
E)  chronic nasal congestion.

Question 12

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular block 
B)  Sinus bradycardia 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contraction 
A)  Atrioventricular block 
B)  Sinus bradycardia 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contraction

Question 13

Sleep apnea is associated with:
1) increased SVR.
2) decreased SVR.
3) increased PVR.
4) decreased PVR.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 14

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include:
1) Pickwickian syndrome.
2) depression.
3) encephalitis.
4) brain stem infarction.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4

Question 15

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central sleep apnea 
B)  COPD 
C)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
D)  Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis) 
A)  Central sleep apnea 
B)  COPD 
C)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
D)  Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)

Question 16

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  CPAP. 
B)  adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP). 
C)  mechanical ventilation. 
D)  palatopharyngoplasty. 
A)  CPAP. 
B)  adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP). 
C)  mechanical ventilation. 
D)  palatopharyngoplasty.

Exam 31: Sleep Apnea

All of the following may be an advantage of in-home portable sleep testing EXCEPT:

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include: 1) insomnia. 2) excessive daytime sleepiness. 3) hypothyroidism. 4) metabolic alkalosis.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits? 1) Obstructive apnea traits 2) Central apnea traits 3) Usually begins as central apnea 4) Usually ends as central apnea

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings? 1) More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep 2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period 3) More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive. 4) More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

All of the following are evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study EXCEPT:

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea? 1) Acetazolamide 2) Oxygen therapy 3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications 4) Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

All of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep EXCEPT:

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk of obstructive sleep apnea. All of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT:

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

Sleep apnea is associated with: 1) increased SVR. 2) decreased SVR. 3) increased PVR. 4) decreased PVR.

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include: 1) Pickwickian syndrome. 2) depression. 3) encephalitis. 4) brain stem infarction.

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

The Patient Interview

The Physical Examination and Its Basis in Physiology

Pulmonary Function Study Assessments

Arterial Blood Gas Assessments

Oxygenation Assessments

Cardiovascular System Assessments

Radiologic Examination of the Chest

Other Important Tests and Procedures

The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program and the Role of the Respiratory Therapist

Respiratory Failure and the Mechanical Ventilation Protocol

Recording Skills: The Basis for Data Collection, Organization, Assessment Skill

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema

Asthma

Bronchiectasis

Cystic Fibrosis

Pneumonia

Lung Abscess

Tuberculosis

Fungal Diseases of the Lung

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension

Flail Chest

Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Kyphoscoliosis

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Cancer of the Lung

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Myasthenia Gravis

Clinical Manifestations Common with Newborn and Early Childhood Respiratory Dis

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Air Leak Syndromes

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Bronchiolitis or Pneumonitis)

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital Heart Diseases

Croup Syndrome: Laryngotracheobronchitis and Acute Epiglottitis

Near Drowning/Wet Drowning

Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

Atelectasis

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