Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of coercion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A researcher hinting to participants that their employer will be told if they do not participate 
B)  A researcher offering 3 points of extra credit to college students to participate in a study 
C)  A researcher offering homeless participants $1,000 to participate in a study 
D)  All of the above are examples of coercion 
E)  None of the above are examples of coercion 
A)  A researcher hinting to participants that their employer will be told if they do not participate 
B)  A researcher offering 3 points of extra credit to college students to participate in a study 
C)  A researcher offering homeless participants $1,000 to participate in a study 
D)  All of the above are examples of coercion 
E)  None of the above are examples of coercion

Question 2

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.
-Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Kline asks his participants to provide informed consent.Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Principle of Beneficence 
B)  The Principle of Justice 
C)  The Principle of Fidelity 
D)  The Principle of Integrity 
E)  The Principle of Respect for Persons 
A)  The Principle of Beneficence 
B)  The Principle of Justice 
C)  The Principle of Fidelity 
D)  The Principle of Integrity 
E)  The Principle of Respect for Persons

Question 3

Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What should be included in a debriefing?

Accepted Answer

Students must state that debriefing is n

Question 4

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans. 
B)  Animal research requires less research funding than human research. 
C)  Animal researchers are in favor of protecting and even enhancing animal welfare. 
D)  Animal researchers continue to reduce the number of animals needed for animal research. 
E)  All of the above have been used as defenses. 
A)  Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans. 
B)  Animal research requires less research funding than human research. 
C)  Animal researchers are in favor of protecting and even enhancing animal welfare. 
D)  Animal researchers continue to reduce the number of animals needed for animal research. 
E)  All of the above have been used as defenses.

Question 5

State the five ethical principles proposed by the APA.How do these principles differ from the Belmont Principles?

Accepted Answer

Students should state that the five ethi

Question 6

In which of the following ways is an IACUC different from an IRB?

Accepted Answer

A)  IACUCs are optional at universities conducting animal research; IRBs are mandatory at universities conducting human research. 
B)  Seeking permission from an IACUC is recommended but not required for animal research; IRB approval is required for human research. 
C)  IACUCs monitor the care and treatment of animals throughout the study; IRBs do not monitor the care of human participants throughout the study. 
D)  IRBs must follow federal guidelines, but IACUCs do not have federal guidelines to follow. 
E)  All of the above are differences between IACUCs and IRBs. 
A)  IACUCs are optional at universities conducting animal research; IRBs are mandatory at universities conducting human research. 
B)  Seeking permission from an IACUC is recommended but not required for animal research; IRB approval is required for human research. 
C)  IACUCs monitor the care and treatment of animals throughout the study; IRBs do not monitor the care of human participants throughout the study. 
D)  IRBs must follow federal guidelines, but IACUCs do not have federal guidelines to follow. 
E)  All of the above are differences between IACUCs and IRBs.

Question 7

What are the two issues that need to be balanced in conducting ethical research?

Accepted Answer

Students should state that the

Question 8

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  An IACUC 
B)  An AIRB 
C)  An AWA 
D)  An IRB 
E)  PETA 
A)  An IACUC 
B)  An AIRB 
C)  An AWA 
D)  An IRB 
E)  PETA

Question 9

What is plagiarism? Explain why plagiarism is an ethical violation.

Accepted Answer

Students should state that plagiarism is

Question 10

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Principle of Justice 
B)  The Principle of Respect for Persons 
C)  The Principle of Beneficence 
D)  The Principle of Fidelity 
E)  The Principle of Integrity 
A)  The Principle of Justice 
B)  The Principle of Respect for Persons 
C)  The Principle of Beneficence 
D)  The Principle of Fidelity 
E)  The Principle of Integrity

Question 11

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.
-Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Imagine that Dr.Kline is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates.Because of his connections there,he is considering using prisoners as his participants.Why is this choice potentially problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)  According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection. 
B)  Since he works at the prison, participants may feel there will be negative consequences if they do not participate. 
C)  Prisoners are unable to give informed consent. 
D)  Both a and b are potentially problematic. 
E)  All of the above are potentially problematic. 
A)  According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection. 
B)  Since he works at the prison, participants may feel there will be negative consequences if they do not participate. 
C)  Prisoners are unable to give informed consent. 
D)  Both a and b are potentially problematic. 
E)  All of the above are potentially problematic.

Question 12

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.
-Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. To address the Belmont Principle of Beneficence,Dr.Kline would need to ask which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study? 
B)  What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants? 
C)  Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent? 
D)  Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study? 
E)  Have I completed all the steps required by my Institutional Review Board? 
A)  Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study? 
B)  What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants? 
C)  Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent? 
D)  Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study? 
E)  Have I completed all the steps required by my Institutional Review Board?

Question 13

Which of the following is the primary goal of debriefing?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent researchers from being sued 
B)  To give participants insight into the nature of psychological science 
C)  To inform participants about the presence and purpose of deception in a study 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  To prevent researchers from being sued 
B)  To give participants insight into the nature of psychological science 
C)  To inform participants about the presence and purpose of deception in a study 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feel pressure to publish findings. 
B)  They are convinced of the correctness of their own hypotheses. 
C)  Research success has implications for promotion within their department. 
D)  Both a and b are reasons. 
E)  All of the above are reasons. 
A)  They feel pressure to publish findings. 
B)  They are convinced of the correctness of their own hypotheses. 
C)  Research success has implications for promotion within their department. 
D)  Both a and b are reasons. 
E)  All of the above are reasons.

Question 15

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be found in settings other than colleges and universities 
B)  They are mandated by federal law 
C)  They must have a psychologist as a member 
D)  They must have at least five members 
E)  They tend to have detailed applications for researchers to complete 
A)  They can be found in settings other than colleges and universities 
B)  They are mandated by federal law 
C)  They must have a psychologist as a member 
D)  They must have at least five members 
E)  They tend to have detailed applications for researchers to complete

Question 16

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.
-Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Kline plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine.This would be an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deception through omission 
B)  Deception through commission 
C)  Deception through permission 
D)  Deception through exception 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Deception through omission 
B)  Deception through commission 
C)  Deception through permission 
D)  Deception through exception 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

In considering whether research is ethical,which of the following are balanced against each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher 
B)  Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study 
C)  Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study 
D)  Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher 
B)  Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study 
C)  Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study 
D)  Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

In which of the following situations would written informed consent not necessarily be required?

Accepted Answer

A)  An observational study that measures walking speed of people entering and exiting buildings 
B)  An anonymous study that measures the relationship between time spent grocery shopping and money spent on groceries 
C)  A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior 
D)  Neither a nor b need written informed consent 
E)  None of the studies above would require written informed consent 
A)  An observational study that measures walking speed of people entering and exiting buildings 
B)  An anonymous study that measures the relationship between time spent grocery shopping and money spent on groceries 
C)  A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior 
D)  Neither a nor b need written informed consent 
E)  None of the studies above would require written informed consent

Question 19

What is an IACUC? Name one way it is similar to an IRB and one way it differs from an IRB.

Accepted Answer

Students should state that an IACUC is a

Question 20

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1
Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test.
-Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Kline suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school and college students,who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep deprivation.Given this information,what type of participants should Dr.Kline recruit for his study?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with a history of sleep deprivation 
B)  Children from a local daycare center 
C)  Students from a community college 
D)  Patients from Dr. Kline's clinical psychology practice 
E)  All of the above would be acceptable 
A)  People with a history of sleep deprivation 
B)  Children from a local daycare center 
C)  Students from a community college 
D)  Patients from Dr. Kline's clinical psychology practice 
E)  All of the above would be acceptable

Which of the following is NOT an example of coercion?

Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What should be included in a debriefing?

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

State the five ethical principles proposed by the APA.How do these principles differ from the Belmont Principles?

In which of the following ways is an IACUC different from an IRB?

What are the two issues that need to be balanced in conducting ethical research?

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as __________.

What is plagiarism? Explain why plagiarism is an ethical violation.

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

Which of the following is the primary goal of debriefing?

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT:

In considering whether research is ethical,which of the following are balanced against each other?

In which of the following situations would written informed consent not necessarily be required?

What is an IACUC? Name one way it is similar to an IRB and one way it differs from an IRB.

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating,Finding,and Reading Information

Three Claims,Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Describing What People Do: Surveys,Observations,and Sampling

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability,Generalization,and the Real World

Filters

Exam 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Which of the following is NOT an example of coercion?

Under what conditions is debriefing necessary? What should be included in a debriefing?

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

State the five ethical principles proposed by the APA.How do these principles differ from the Belmont Principles?

In which of the following ways is an IACUC different from an IRB?

What are the two issues that need to be balanced in conducting ethical research?

A local committee that reviews research that is conducted on animals is known as __________.

What is plagiarism? Explain why plagiarism is an ethical violation.

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

Which of the following is the primary goal of debriefing?

Which of the following is a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT:

In considering whether research is ethical,which of the following are balanced against each other?

In which of the following situations would written informed consent not necessarily be required?

What is an IACUC? Name one way it is similar to an IRB and one way it differs from an IRB.

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating,Finding,and Reading Information

Three Claims,Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Describing What People Do: Surveys,Observations,and Sampling

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability,Generalization,and the Real World

Filters