Question 1

How do arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM)help plants obtain more nutrients from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Byproducts of AM metabolism serve as primary nutrient sources for the plants. 
B)  The AM increase the total surface area to absorb more nutrients. 
C)  The hyphae develop as specialized nodules that directly produce nutrients for the plant. 
D)  Signaling molecules in the plant are passed to the AM to initiate electron flow, which is in turn used to create ATP. 
A)  Byproducts of AM metabolism serve as primary nutrient sources for the plants. 
B)  The AM increase the total surface area to absorb more nutrients. 
C)  The hyphae develop as specialized nodules that directly produce nutrients for the plant. 
D)  Signaling molecules in the plant are passed to the AM to initiate electron flow, which is in turn used to create ATP.

Question 2

The function of leghemoglobin in root nodules is to

Accepted Answer

A)  bind oxygen. 
B)  chelate iron. 
C)  produce iron. 
D)  produce nitrogen. 
A)  bind oxygen. 
B)  chelate iron. 
C)  produce iron. 
D)  produce nitrogen.

Question 3

Leguminous plants such as alfalfa,beans,clover,peas,and soybeans all benefit from symbiotic bacteria that leach vitamins into the plant roots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

During the Jurassic Period,several different mammalian lineages independently evolved an herbivorous lifestyle for obtaining energy.This has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals, some that depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material and some that do not. 
B)  different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals that all depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material. 
C)  the evolution of foregut fermentation, as seen in ruminants, as the only digestive pattern that depends on fermentative gut microbiota. 
D)  horizontal gene transfer of genes for glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases from bacteria to mammals. 
A)  different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals, some that depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material and some that do not. 
B)  different digestive patterns in herbivorous animals that all depend on gut microbiota to digest plant material. 
C)  the evolution of foregut fermentation, as seen in ruminants, as the only digestive pattern that depends on fermentative gut microbiota. 
D)  horizontal gene transfer of genes for glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases from bacteria to mammals.

Question 5

What percentage of terrestrial plants are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  85 
A)  10 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  85

Question 6

Describe the mutualistic relationship between chemolithotrophic bacteria and tube worms in hydrothermal vents.

Accepted Answer

The tube worm has a special form of hemo

Question 7

Explain how leeches are used today in medical replants and transplants.

Accepted Answer

Leeches produce anticoagulants and vasod

Question 8

Which of the following is a common benefit of a microbe-plant symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased nutrient availability 
B)  decreased pathogen colonization 
C)  increased affinity for carbon dioxide 
D)  increased nutrient availability and decreased pathogen colonization 
A)  increased nutrient availability 
B)  decreased pathogen colonization 
C)  increased affinity for carbon dioxide 
D)  increased nutrient availability and decreased pathogen colonization

Question 9

The rumen is an ________ habitat that depends on ________ to digest cellulose for ruminant animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic / cellulolytic fungi 
B)  aerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria 
C)  anaerobic / methanogens 
D)  anaerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria 
A)  aerobic / cellulolytic fungi 
B)  aerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria 
C)  anaerobic / methanogens 
D)  anaerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria

Question 10

Bacterial cells themselves serve as major sources of protein and vitamins in hindgut fermenting animals such as rabbits and horses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The mycelia of mycorrhizae can form underground nutrient networks where several trees are connected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Bacteria associated with plants fix very small amounts of nitrogen,therefore they do NOT contribute significantly to the global N cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Bacterial symbionts most often provide marine invertebrates with

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed nitrogen in the form of ammonia. 
B)  essential amino acids missing from the animal's diet. 
C)  cellulolytic enzymes to help digest plant material. 
D)  fixed carbon dioxide in the form of organic compounds. 
A)  fixed nitrogen in the form of ammonia. 
B)  essential amino acids missing from the animal's diet. 
C)  cellulolytic enzymes to help digest plant material. 
D)  fixed carbon dioxide in the form of organic compounds.

Question 14

The microbiome contains all

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms within the digestive system. 
C)  organisms present in and on the body. 
D)  organisms present on the skin and in the digestive system. 
A)  organisms present on the skin. 
B)  organisms within the digestive system. 
C)  organisms present in and on the body. 
D)  organisms present on the skin and in the digestive system.

Question 15

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  cell morphology 
D)  16S rRNA gene sequencing, biochemical tests, and cell morphology 
A)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
B)  biochemical tests 
C)  cell morphology 
D)  16S rRNA gene sequencing, biochemical tests, and cell morphology

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population size is low, but diversity is high. 
B)  They produce and excrete amino acids. 
C)  They help catabolize polysaccharides. 
D)  They are involved in the "maturing" of the gastrointestinal tract. 
A)  The population size is low, but diversity is high. 
B)  They produce and excrete amino acids. 
C)  They help catabolize polysaccharides. 
D)  They are involved in the "maturing" of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 17

What is the fate of H₂ produced within a rumen?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is released via eructation (belching). 
B)  It is transformed, along with other ions, into inorganic compounds. 
C)  It is used in acetogenesis. 
D)  It is used in methanogenesis. 
A)  It is released via eructation (belching). 
B)  It is transformed, along with other ions, into inorganic compounds. 
C)  It is used in acetogenesis. 
D)  It is used in methanogenesis.

Question 18

The most heavily colonized human organ by bacteria is the ________,containing 10¹¹-10¹² bacterial cells per g.

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  skin 
A)  mouth 
B)  small intestine 
C)  large intestine 
D)  skin

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B)  production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C)  iron and trace metal absorption 
D)  maturation of the gastrointestinal tract 
A)  production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B)  production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C)  iron and trace metal absorption 
D)  maturation of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 20

Allivibrio fischeri symbionts benefit the Hawaiian bobtail squid by

Accepted Answer

A)  mimicking the light of the moon, which helps the squid avoid nocturnal predators. 
B)  providing essential amino acids missing from the squid's diet. 
C)  degrading the cellulosic cell walls of the phytoplankton the squid eats. 
D)  providing essential amino acids missing from the squid's diet and degrading the cellulosic cell walls of the phytoplankton the squid eats. 
A)  mimicking the light of the moon, which helps the squid avoid nocturnal predators. 
B)  providing essential amino acids missing from the squid's diet. 
C)  degrading the cellulosic cell walls of the phytoplankton the squid eats. 
D)  providing essential amino acids missing from the squid's diet and degrading the cellulosic cell walls of the phytoplankton the squid eats.

Exam 22: Microbial Symbioses

How do arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM)help plants obtain more nutrients from the soil?

The function of leghemoglobin in root nodules is to

Leguminous plants such as alfalfa,beans,clover,peas,and soybeans all benefit from symbiotic bacteria that leach vitamins into the plant roots.

During the Jurassic Period,several different mammalian lineages independently evolved an herbivorous lifestyle for obtaining energy.This has resulted in

What percentage of terrestrial plants are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizae?

Describe the mutualistic relationship between chemolithotrophic bacteria and tube worms in hydrothermal vents.

Explain how leeches are used today in medical replants and transplants.

Which of the following is a common benefit of a microbe-plant symbiosis?

The rumen is an ________ habitat that depends on ________ to digest cellulose for ruminant animals.

Bacterial cells themselves serve as major sources of protein and vitamins in hindgut fermenting animals such as rabbits and horses.

The mycelia of mycorrhizae can form underground nutrient networks where several trees are connected.

Bacteria associated with plants fix very small amounts of nitrogen,therefore they do NOT contribute significantly to the global N cycle.

Bacterial symbionts most often provide marine invertebrates with

The microbiome contains all

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

What is the fate of H₂ produced within a rumen?

The most heavily colonized human organ by bacteria is the ________,containing 10¹¹-10¹² bacterial cells per g.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Allivibrio fischeri symbionts benefit the Hawaiian bobtail squid by

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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The rumen is an habitat that depends on to digest cellulose for ruminant animals.