Question 1

Thermoplasma contains an extremely small genome complexed with a highly basic DNA-binding protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Thermostable proteins tend to have additional features that improve thermostability.Which of the following is NOT one of these features?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ionic interactions on the protein surfaces 
B)  highly hydrophilic cores 
C)  decreased tendency of the protein to unfold 
D)  highly hydrophobic cores 
A)  increased ionic interactions on the protein surfaces 
B)  highly hydrophilic cores 
C)  decreased tendency of the protein to unfold 
D)  highly hydrophobic cores

Question 3

The Archaea are

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily ancient organisms that have not evolved very much in the last billion years. 
B)  phylogenetically diverse, but functionally restricted to extremophiles and chemolithotrophs. 
C)  diverse microorganisms that inhabit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals. 
D)  functionally diverse, but restricted to thermophilic or hyperthermophilic environments. 
A)  primarily ancient organisms that have not evolved very much in the last billion years. 
B)  phylogenetically diverse, but functionally restricted to extremophiles and chemolithotrophs. 
C)  diverse microorganisms that inhabit almost every environment on Earth, including the colon of humans and other mammals. 
D)  functionally diverse, but restricted to thermophilic or hyperthermophilic environments.

Question 4

Which of the following are NOT substrates for methanogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetate and pyruvate 
B)  carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formate 
C)  glucose and sucrose 
D)  methanol, methylamine, and methylmercaptan 
A)  acetate and pyruvate 
B)  carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formate 
C)  glucose and sucrose 
D)  methanol, methylamine, and methylmercaptan

Question 5

Which of the following bioenergetic processes CANNOT occur in hyperthermophiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoorganotrophy 
B)  chemolithotrophy 
C)  photosynthesis 
D)  chemoorganotrophy, chemolithotrophy, and photosynthesis 
A)  chemoorganotrophy 
B)  chemolithotrophy 
C)  photosynthesis 
D)  chemoorganotrophy, chemolithotrophy, and photosynthesis

Question 6

The most common electron donor among hyperthermophilic Archaea is

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe⁺³. 
B)  H₂. 
C)  SO₄. 
D)  Sᵒ. 
A)  Fe⁺³. 
B)  H₂. 
C)  SO₄. 
D)  Sᵒ.

Question 7

In chemolithotrophic Archaea,H₂ is a common electron donor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The rRNA gene sequences of hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have diverged ________ over time,likely due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relatively little / strong constraints on sequence changes at higher temperatures 
B)  substantially / higher mutation rates at higher temperatures 
C)  relatively little / low mutation rates in these ancient organisms 
D)  substantially / DNA damage at higher temperatures 
A)  relatively little / strong constraints on sequence changes at higher temperatures 
B)  substantially / higher mutation rates at higher temperatures 
C)  relatively little / low mutation rates in these ancient organisms 
D)  substantially / DNA damage at higher temperatures

Question 9

Many halophiles require a high ionic environment for survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

One factor that seems to aid in maintaining lipid stability in hyperthermophilic Archaea is that dibiphytanyl tetraether lipids form a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  covalently bonded monolayer cytoplasmic membrane. 
B)  interlocking bilayer cytoplasmic membrane. 
C)  interlocking lattice with the cell wall. 
D)  pseudomembrane immediately inside the cytoplasmic membrane. 
A)  covalently bonded monolayer cytoplasmic membrane. 
B)  interlocking bilayer cytoplasmic membrane. 
C)  interlocking lattice with the cell wall. 
D)  pseudomembrane immediately inside the cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 11

Methanogens

Accepted Answer

A)  produce methane as a part of their energy metabolism. 
B)  utilize methane as an energy source. 
C)  process and store methane to detoxify it. 
D)  produce, utilize, and detoxify methane. 
A)  produce methane as a part of their energy metabolism. 
B)  utilize methane as an energy source. 
C)  process and store methane to detoxify it. 
D)  produce, utilize, and detoxify methane.

Question 12

What is the minimum concentration of sodium chloride that an extreme halophile requires for growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  6 M 
D)  10 M 
A)  2 M 
B)  4 M 
C)  6 M 
D)  10 M

Question 13

What special adaptation(s)has/have Thermoplasma evolved to survive in hot acidic environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thermoplasma stabilize their cytoplasmic membrane by incorporation of tetraether lipoglycans in the cytoplasmic membrane. 
B)  Thermoplasma have a reinforced cell wall containing basic amino linkers in the peptidoglycan. 
C)  Thermoplasma excrete hydrogen ions and import hydroxyl ions. 
D)  Thermoplasma are highly motile to avoid destruction. 
A)  Thermoplasma stabilize their cytoplasmic membrane by incorporation of tetraether lipoglycans in the cytoplasmic membrane. 
B)  Thermoplasma have a reinforced cell wall containing basic amino linkers in the peptidoglycan. 
C)  Thermoplasma excrete hydrogen ions and import hydroxyl ions. 
D)  Thermoplasma are highly motile to avoid destruction.

Question 14

The presence of genes encoding RubisCO enzymes in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and a species of Pyrococcus indicates that the organisms

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the acetyl-CoA pathway. 
B)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle. 
C)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the reverse citric acid cycle. 
D)  utilize molecular hydrogen as an electron donor in chemolithotrophic metabolism. 
A)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the acetyl-CoA pathway. 
B)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the Calvin cycle. 
C)  incorporate carbon dioxide via the reverse citric acid cycle. 
D)  utilize molecular hydrogen as an electron donor in chemolithotrophic metabolism.

Question 15

Detail the mechanism by which halophilic Archaea obtain energy from light.

Accepted Answer

Halobacteria have the ability to increas

Question 16

Retinal in prokaryotes is part of

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  phototaxis. 
C)  light-driven ATP synthesis. 
D)  light-driven ATP synthesis and phototaxis. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  phototaxis. 
C)  light-driven ATP synthesis. 
D)  light-driven ATP synthesis and phototaxis.

Question 17

The bioenergetics of anaerobic respiring Archaea such as those of the Crenarchaeota involve ________ from which ________ is synthesized.

Accepted Answer

A)  proton translocation / ATP 
B)  substrate level phosphorylation / ATP 
C)  sodium translocation / ATP 
D)  substrate level phosphorylation / GTP 
A)  proton translocation / ATP 
B)  substrate level phosphorylation / ATP 
C)  sodium translocation / ATP 
D)  substrate level phosphorylation / GTP

Question 18

The microorganisms that are thought to resemble the first cellular forms of life on Earth are

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂-oxidizing hyperthermophiles. 
B)  acidophilic Archaea. 
C)  the Nanoarchaeota. 
D)  fermentative thermophiles. 
A)  H₂-oxidizing hyperthermophiles. 
B)  acidophilic Archaea. 
C)  the Nanoarchaeota. 
D)  fermentative thermophiles.

Question 19

Proteins known as ________ function to refold partially denatured proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  histones 
B)  chaperonins 
C)  HU proteins 
D)  histones and chaperonins 
A)  histones 
B)  chaperonins 
C)  HU proteins 
D)  histones and chaperonins

Question 20

Some Archaea are chemoorganotrophs and use organic compounds as electron donors for energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Diversity of Archaea

Thermoplasma contains an extremely small genome complexed with a highly basic DNA-binding protein.

Thermostable proteins tend to have additional features that improve thermostability.Which of the following is NOT one of these features?

The Archaea are

Which of the following are NOT substrates for methanogens?

Which of the following bioenergetic processes CANNOT occur in hyperthermophiles?

The most common electron donor among hyperthermophilic Archaea is

In chemolithotrophic Archaea,H₂ is a common electron donor.

The rRNA gene sequences of hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have diverged ________ over time,likely due to ________.

Many halophiles require a high ionic environment for survival.

One factor that seems to aid in maintaining lipid stability in hyperthermophilic Archaea is that dibiphytanyl tetraether lipids form a(n)

Methanogens

What is the minimum concentration of sodium chloride that an extreme halophile requires for growth?

What special adaptation(s)has/have Thermoplasma evolved to survive in hot acidic environments?

The presence of genes encoding RubisCO enzymes in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and a species of Pyrococcus indicates that the organisms

Detail the mechanism by which halophilic Archaea obtain energy from light.

Retinal in prokaryotes is part of

The bioenergetics of anaerobic respiring Archaea such as those of the Crenarchaeota involve ________ from which ________ is synthesized.

The microorganisms that are thought to resemble the first cellular forms of life on Earth are

Proteins known as ________ function to refold partially denatured proteins.

Some Archaea are chemoorganotrophs and use organic compounds as electron donors for energy metabolism.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

The rRNA gene sequences of hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria have diverged over time,likely due to .

The bioenergetics of anaerobic respiring Archaea such as those of the Crenarchaeota involve from which is synthesized.