Question 1

Microbial diversity is thought of in terms of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity because

Accepted Answer

A)  similar functional traits are often found in divergent phylogenetic groups. 
B)  phylogenetic diversity dictates functional diversity in microbes. 
C)  functional diversity only pertains to functions that are not phylogenetic. 
D)  similar phylogenetic groups almost always have similar functional traits. 
A)  similar functional traits are often found in divergent phylogenetic groups. 
B)  phylogenetic diversity dictates functional diversity in microbes. 
C)  functional diversity only pertains to functions that are not phylogenetic. 
D)  similar phylogenetic groups almost always have similar functional traits.

Question 2

What growth conditions would you use to enrich for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic mineral media with ammonia and bicarbonate incubated in the dark 
B)  anaerobic mineral media with acetate and ammonia incubated in the dark 
C)  aerobic mineral media with acetate and ammonia, incubated in the dark 
D)  anaerobic mineral media with ammonia and nitrate incubated in the dark 
A)  aerobic mineral media with ammonia and bicarbonate incubated in the dark 
B)  anaerobic mineral media with acetate and ammonia incubated in the dark 
C)  aerobic mineral media with acetate and ammonia, incubated in the dark 
D)  anaerobic mineral media with ammonia and nitrate incubated in the dark

Question 3

The phylogenetic trees of the nifH and SSU rRNA genes are incongruent because

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogenase is an anaerobic enzyme. 
B)  nitrogenase evolves rapidly. 
C)  of horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  very few microbes have the nifH gene. 
A)  nitrogenase is an anaerobic enzyme. 
B)  nitrogenase evolves rapidly. 
C)  of horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  very few microbes have the nifH gene.

Question 4

In symbiotic associations between sulfur chemolithotrophs and eukaryotes such as tube worms and giant clams,the bacterial symbiont provides ________ while the host provides ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen / carbon and oxygen 
B)  sulfide / oxygen 
C)  a carbon and energy source / stable sulfide and oxygen levels 
D)  organic acids / stable sulfate levels 
A)  nitrogen / carbon and oxygen 
B)  sulfide / oxygen 
C)  a carbon and energy source / stable sulfide and oxygen levels 
D)  organic acids / stable sulfate levels

Question 5

Diazotrophs maximize nitrogenase activity by

Accepted Answer

A)  closely coupling N₂ fixation with high rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  fixing N₂ at times when oxygen is absent or in low concentrations. 
C)  producing specialized structures to protect nitrogenase from oxygen. 
D)  producing specialized structures or fixing N₂ at times when oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen. 
A)  closely coupling N₂ fixation with high rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  fixing N₂ at times when oxygen is absent or in low concentrations. 
C)  producing specialized structures to protect nitrogenase from oxygen. 
D)  producing specialized structures or fixing N₂ at times when oxygen is absent to protect nitrogenase from oxygen.

Question 6

Thiobacillus species are acidophilic chemolithotrophs capable of autotrophic growth.They perform the dissimilative oxidation of H₂S,Sᵒ,thiosulfate,or Fe⁺².Diagram or explain how Thiobacillus species obtain carbon and energy for growth and predict what type of environment they would be found in.

Accepted Answer

Thiobacillus species obtain carbon for g

Question 7

Budding bacteria form new cell wall material at a single point rather than throughout the whole cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction results in the production of gaseous products,while assimilatory nitrate reduction results in the production of ammonia for biosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Iron-reducing bacteria are obligately aerobic organisms that reduce ferric iron and oxidize hydrogen or organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Acetogens are anaerobic organisms that produce acetate as the main product of their metabolism.They are important in

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of vinegar. 
B)  the carbohydrate metabolism of the human gut. 
C)  hydrothermal vent communities. 
D)  the production of vitamin C. 
A)  the production of vinegar. 
B)  the carbohydrate metabolism of the human gut. 
C)  hydrothermal vent communities. 
D)  the production of vitamin C.

Question 11

Anoxygenic phototrophs

Accepted Answer

A)  may use a variety of electron donors for photosynthesis. 
B)  are an ancient monophyletic group of bacteria. 
C)  can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. 
D)  can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic and may use a variety of electron donors for photosynthesis. 
A)  may use a variety of electron donors for photosynthesis. 
B)  are an ancient monophyletic group of bacteria. 
C)  can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. 
D)  can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic and may use a variety of electron donors for photosynthesis.

Question 12

The ecological diversity of phototrophic bacteria is illustrated by the different ________ that allow them to perform photosynthesis in low light environments such as deep in the ocean,in various sediments,and in thick layered mats.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation strategies 
B)  bacteriochlorophyll and photosystems 
C)  specialized stalked cells 
D)  endospores and resistant cell types 
A)  nitrogen fixation strategies 
B)  bacteriochlorophyll and photosystems 
C)  specialized stalked cells 
D)  endospores and resistant cell types

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of microorganisms are NOT likely to form close associations or consortia?

Accepted Answer

A)  purple sulfur bacteria and dissimilative sulfur-reducers 
B)  dissimilative sulfur-reducers and dissimilative sulfur-oxidizers 
C)  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and fungi 
D)  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducers 
A)  purple sulfur bacteria and dissimilative sulfur-reducers 
B)  dissimilative sulfur-reducers and dissimilative sulfur-oxidizers 
C)  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and fungi 
D)  nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and dissimilative sulfate-reducers

Question 14

Escherichia coli is a chemoorganotrophic,facultative aerobe and belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum.Based on this information,which of the following functional groups does E.coli most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  green sulfur bacteria 
B)  ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 
C)  denitrifying bacteria 
D)  nitrite-oxidizing bacteria 
A)  green sulfur bacteria 
B)  ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 
C)  denitrifying bacteria 
D)  nitrite-oxidizing bacteria

Question 15

All phototrophic bacteria use a monophyletic photosystem in photosynthesis,thus there is intense competition for light between different phototrophic bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following functional groups would you expect to find in aerobic iron- and sulfur-rich acidic mine drainage?

Accepted Answer

A)  dissimilative iron-oxidizers 
B)  dissimilative iron-reducers 
C)  purple sulfur bacteria 
D)  purple sulfur bacteria and dissimilative iron-reducers 
A)  dissimilative iron-oxidizers 
B)  dissimilative iron-reducers 
C)  purple sulfur bacteria 
D)  purple sulfur bacteria and dissimilative iron-reducers

Question 17

You are looking at a sample from the top green layer of a colorful bacterial mat.Using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy,you see evenly spaced cells in the middle of a filament that are slightly smaller than the others.The smaller cells are not fluorescent,indicating they lack photosystem II,but the rest of the filament is fluorescent.What is the most likely function of the smaller cells in the filament?

Accepted Answer

A)  survival in the dark 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  sulfur storage 
D)  nitrate storage 
A)  survival in the dark 
B)  nitrogen fixation 
C)  sulfur storage 
D)  nitrate storage

Question 18

Which of the following conditions would you use to enrich purple nonsulfur bacteria from lake sediments?

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxic media with a good light source 
B)  mineral media with ammonia and oxygen in the dark 
C)  anoxic mineral media with an organic acid and a good light source 
D)  mineral media with nitrate and acetate in the dark 
A)  anoxic media with a good light source 
B)  mineral media with ammonia and oxygen in the dark 
C)  anoxic mineral media with an organic acid and a good light source 
D)  mineral media with nitrate and acetate in the dark

Question 19

The Bacteria and Archaea are the ONLY domains in which organisms exist that can

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyze the transformation of inorganic nitrogen species for biosynthesis. 
B)  assimilate nitrite. 
C)  conserve energy from the transformation of inorganic nitrogen species. 
D)  catalyze the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen species into biomolecules. 
A)  catalyze the transformation of inorganic nitrogen species for biosynthesis. 
B)  assimilate nitrite. 
C)  conserve energy from the transformation of inorganic nitrogen species. 
D)  catalyze the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen species into biomolecules.

Question 20

Although Cyanobacteria contribute more than 35% of all photosynthesis on Earth,they are not visible in the natural environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Microbial diversity is thought of in terms of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity because

What growth conditions would you use to enrich for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria?

The phylogenetic trees of the nifH and SSU rRNA genes are incongruent because

In symbiotic associations between sulfur chemolithotrophs and eukaryotes such as tube worms and giant clams,the bacterial symbiont provides ________ while the host provides ________.

Diazotrophs maximize nitrogenase activity by

Budding bacteria form new cell wall material at a single point rather than throughout the whole cell.

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction results in the production of gaseous products,while assimilatory nitrate reduction results in the production of ammonia for biosynthesis.

Iron-reducing bacteria are obligately aerobic organisms that reduce ferric iron and oxidize hydrogen or organic compounds.

Acetogens are anaerobic organisms that produce acetate as the main product of their metabolism.They are important in

Anoxygenic phototrophs

The ecological diversity of phototrophic bacteria is illustrated by the different ________ that allow them to perform photosynthesis in low light environments such as deep in the ocean,in various sediments,and in thick layered mats.

Which of the following pairs of microorganisms are NOT likely to form close associations or consortia?

Escherichia coli is a chemoorganotrophic,facultative aerobe and belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum.Based on this information,which of the following functional groups does E.coli most likely belong to?

All phototrophic bacteria use a monophyletic photosystem in photosynthesis,thus there is intense competition for light between different phototrophic bacteria.

Which of the following functional groups would you expect to find in aerobic iron- and sulfur-rich acidic mine drainage?

Which of the following conditions would you use to enrich purple nonsulfur bacteria from lake sediments?

The Bacteria and Archaea are the ONLY domains in which organisms exist that can

Although Cyanobacteria contribute more than 35% of all photosynthesis on Earth,they are not visible in the natural environment.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

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Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

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In symbiotic associations between sulfur chemolithotrophs and eukaryotes such as tube worms and giant clams,the bacterial symbiont provides while the host provides .