Question 1

Bacteriophage that have single-stranded genomes are specialized to minimize energy requirements because just one strand is necessary for replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Based on its function,which type(s)of viruses likely contain(s)a gene encoding for RNA replicase?

Accepted Answer

A)  dsDNA and ssDNA viruses 
B)  positive ssRNA viruses 
C)  positive and negative ssRNA viruses 
D)  ssRNA and ssDNA viruses 
A)  dsDNA and ssDNA viruses 
B)  positive ssRNA viruses 
C)  positive and negative ssRNA viruses 
D)  ssRNA and ssDNA viruses

Question 3

Due to the genetic diversity of viruses and their lack of ribosomal RNA,nucleotide-based phylogeny studies are not applicable to virology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A drug designed to inhibit reverse transcriptase activity would target

Accepted Answer

A)  coronaviruses and rhabdoviruses. 
B)  hepadnaviruses and retroviruses. 
C)  retroviruses. 
D)  viruses with RNA genomes. 
A)  coronaviruses and rhabdoviruses. 
B)  hepadnaviruses and retroviruses. 
C)  retroviruses. 
D)  viruses with RNA genomes.

Question 5

The phage Mu

Accepted Answer

A)  has a circular genome. 
B)  repairs mutations in the host genome. 
C)  replicates by transposition. 
D)  has a circular genome, repairs host genome mutations, and can replicate by transposition. 
A)  has a circular genome. 
B)  repairs mutations in the host genome. 
C)  replicates by transposition. 
D)  has a circular genome, repairs host genome mutations, and can replicate by transposition.

Question 6

A concatemer is a

Accepted Answer

A)  combination of two or more repeated nucleotide sequences covalently linked together. 
B)  complex of RNA-specific polymerases found only in bacteriophages. 
C)  linker molecule that allows several phages to infect one host. 
D)  polymeric protein. 
A)  combination of two or more repeated nucleotide sequences covalently linked together. 
B)  complex of RNA-specific polymerases found only in bacteriophages. 
C)  linker molecule that allows several phages to infect one host. 
D)  polymeric protein.

Question 7

Integration of Mu DNA into the host genome is essential for

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic growth. 
B)  lysogenic growth. 
C)  both lytic and lysogenic growth. 
D)  neither lytic nor lysogenic growth. 
A)  lytic growth. 
B)  lysogenic growth. 
C)  both lytic and lysogenic growth. 
D)  neither lytic nor lysogenic growth.

Question 8

Defend why the discovery of prions and viroids changes our view on what it takes to be an infectious particle.Be sure to explain the feature of each that distinguishes them from traditional viruses.

Accepted Answer

Traditionally viruses are thought of as

Question 9

Is there a certain type of virus morphology that is especially known to cause disease in humans? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

No,there is not a particular morphology

Question 10

The hepadnavirus DNA polymerase acts as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  protein primer for synthesis of a strand of DNA 
D)  DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, and protein primer for DNA synthesis 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  reverse transcriptase 
C)  protein primer for synthesis of a strand of DNA 
D)  DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, and protein primer for DNA synthesis

Question 11

Unusually shaped viruses,such as lemon-shaped and spindle-shaped,have recently been discovered in

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea. 
B)  Bacteria. 
C)  Archaea and Bacteria. 
D)  Eukarya. 
A)  Archaea. 
B)  Bacteria. 
C)  Archaea and Bacteria. 
D)  Eukarya.

Question 12

Describe the hypothesis of viruses occurring before living cells and how DNA might have evolved.What is the current hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships between RNA,DNA,viruses,and cellular life?

Accepted Answer

One hypothesis on the origin of viruses

Question 13

Genomics analysis of recently isolated viruses indicate some viruses contain larger genomes than the some bacterial genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Blocking polyomavirus SV40's ability to integrate its genome into host cells would

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid cancer development from the virus. 
B)  increase the rate of transformation. 
C)  increase the latent period of SV40. 
D)  switch SV40 into a lytic lifecycle which would be especially harmful to the host cells. 
A)  avoid cancer development from the virus. 
B)  increase the rate of transformation. 
C)  increase the latent period of SV40. 
D)  switch SV40 into a lytic lifecycle which would be especially harmful to the host cells.

Question 15

The unconventional dsDNA genome replication mechanism where no lagging strand exists is a hallmark of which group of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenoviruses 
B)  coronaviruses 
C)  herpes viruses 
D)  pox viruses 
A)  adenoviruses 
B)  coronaviruses 
C)  herpes viruses 
D)  pox viruses

Question 16

Which type of viruses generally has the smallest genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophage 
B)  DNA viruses 
C)  RNA viruses 
D)  viroids 
A)  bacteriophage 
B)  DNA viruses 
C)  RNA viruses 
D)  viroids

Question 17

The diversity of genome type and the overall number of bacteriophage that infect Escherichia coli is numerous,but many other bacterial taxa that thrive in the environment are likely infected by a variety of phage as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Nonfilamentous bacteriophage often can escape its host without lysing,whereas filamentous phage normally induce cell lysis once replicated inside their host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A negative-stranded RNA virus produces a complete positive-stranded RNA virus that serves as template DNA for other proteins in order to replicate the complete negative-stranded RNA genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Early and late viral proteins are classified according to their relative

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary appearance in virus genomes. 
B)  stability during infection. 
C)  time of synthesis following host infection. 
D)  transmission into virions. 
A)  evolutionary appearance in virus genomes. 
B)  stability during infection. 
C)  time of synthesis following host infection. 
D)  transmission into virions.

Exam 9: Viral Genomes and Diversity

Bacteriophage that have single-stranded genomes are specialized to minimize energy requirements because just one strand is necessary for replication.

Based on its function,which type(s)of viruses likely contain(s)a gene encoding for RNA replicase?

Due to the genetic diversity of viruses and their lack of ribosomal RNA,nucleotide-based phylogeny studies are not applicable to virology.

A drug designed to inhibit reverse transcriptase activity would target

The phage Mu

A concatemer is a

Integration of Mu DNA into the host genome is essential for

Defend why the discovery of prions and viroids changes our view on what it takes to be an infectious particle.Be sure to explain the feature of each that distinguishes them from traditional viruses.

Is there a certain type of virus morphology that is especially known to cause disease in humans? Explain your reasoning.

The hepadnavirus DNA polymerase acts as which of the following?

Unusually shaped viruses,such as lemon-shaped and spindle-shaped,have recently been discovered in

Describe the hypothesis of viruses occurring before living cells and how DNA might have evolved.What is the current hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships between RNA,DNA,viruses,and cellular life?

Genomics analysis of recently isolated viruses indicate some viruses contain larger genomes than the some bacterial genomes.

Blocking polyomavirus SV40's ability to integrate its genome into host cells would

The unconventional dsDNA genome replication mechanism where no lagging strand exists is a hallmark of which group of viruses?

Which type of viruses generally has the smallest genome?

The diversity of genome type and the overall number of bacteriophage that infect Escherichia coli is numerous,but many other bacterial taxa that thrive in the environment are likely infected by a variety of phage as well.

Nonfilamentous bacteriophage often can escape its host without lysing,whereas filamentous phage normally induce cell lysis once replicated inside their host.

A negative-stranded RNA virus produces a complete positive-stranded RNA virus that serves as template DNA for other proteins in order to replicate the complete negative-stranded RNA genome.

Early and late viral proteins are classified according to their relative

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

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Molecular Biology

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Microbial Genomics

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Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

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Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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