Question 1

Retroviruses are medically important viruses because

Accepted Answer

A)  they include the viruses the cause hepatitis. 
B)  some retroviruses cause cancer. 
C)  they include the virus that causes AIDS. 
D)  they include viruses that cause cancer and AIDS. 
A)  they include the viruses the cause hepatitis. 
B)  some retroviruses cause cancer. 
C)  they include the virus that causes AIDS. 
D)  they include viruses that cause cancer and AIDS.

Question 2

The concentration of infectious plaque forming units (pfu)per volume of fluid is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  infectivity. 
B)  virulence. 
C)  titer. 
D)  fluid infectivity. 
A)  infectivity. 
B)  virulence. 
C)  titer. 
D)  fluid infectivity.

Question 3

A temperate virus does not exist as a virus particle inside the host cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Bacteriophages' genomes are typically composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded RNA. 
B)  single-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  double-stranded DNA. 
A)  single-stranded RNA. 
B)  single-stranded DNA. 
C)  double-stranded RNA. 
D)  double-stranded DNA.

Question 5

Viral size is generally measured in

Accepted Answer

A)  micrometers. 
B)  picometers. 
C)  nanometers. 
D)  centimeters. 
A)  micrometers. 
B)  picometers. 
C)  nanometers. 
D)  centimeters.

Question 6

How does plating efficiency affect the number of plaque-forming units? How is plating efficiency calculated?

Accepted Answer

The issue of plating efficiency is that

Question 7

Enveloped viral membranes are generally ________ with associated virus-specific ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid bilayers / phospholipids 
B)  protein bilayers / lipids 
C)  lipid bilayers / glycoproteins 
D)  glycolipid bilayers / phospholipids 
A)  lipid bilayers / phospholipids 
B)  protein bilayers / lipids 
C)  lipid bilayers / glycoproteins 
D)  glycolipid bilayers / phospholipids

Question 8

Viruses infecting ________ are typically the easiest to grow in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  animals 
C)  fungi 
D)  prokaryotes 
A)  plants 
B)  animals 
C)  fungi 
D)  prokaryotes

Question 9

The virus repressor protein

Accepted Answer

A)  controls the prophage's lytic genes but not the incoming genomes of the same virus. 
B)  does not control the prophage's lytic genes but does control the incoming genomes of the same virus. 
C)  controls both the lytic genes on the prophage and prevents an incoming virus of the same type. 
D)  has different actions in different situations. 
A)  controls the prophage's lytic genes but not the incoming genomes of the same virus. 
B)  does not control the prophage's lytic genes but does control the incoming genomes of the same virus. 
C)  controls both the lytic genes on the prophage and prevents an incoming virus of the same type. 
D)  has different actions in different situations.

Question 10

Temperate viruses can enter into either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria.Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Accepted Answer

Viral populations in the human colon are

Question 12

Compare and contrast a typical bacterial growth curve and a viral one-step growth curve.Explain why the growth curves are different based on bacterial and viral replication.

Accepted Answer

Figure 8.7 illustrates the phases of the

Question 13

T4 and other bacteriophages commonly use a method of DNA replication and packaging called "headful packaging." Explain how viral genomes are replicated and packaged in this process and hypothesize how headful packaging might affect evolution of BOTH the bacteriophages and their prokaryotic hosts.

Accepted Answer

A linear concatemer is first formed afte

Question 14

How do bacteriophage influence bacterial evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteriophage cause cleavage and rearrangement of bacterial genomes, thus accelerating bacterial evolution. 
B)  Bacteriophage lyse mutated bacterial cells, thus preventing them from replicating and passing on their genetic information. 
C)  Bacteriophage transfer genetic information between bacterial cells through transduction, thus increasing the genetic diversity of bacterial populations. 
D)  Bacteriophage decrease the size of bacterial populations and thus decreasing genetic diversity and slowing down bacterial evolution. 
A)  Bacteriophage cause cleavage and rearrangement of bacterial genomes, thus accelerating bacterial evolution. 
B)  Bacteriophage lyse mutated bacterial cells, thus preventing them from replicating and passing on their genetic information. 
C)  Bacteriophage transfer genetic information between bacterial cells through transduction, thus increasing the genetic diversity of bacterial populations. 
D)  Bacteriophage decrease the size of bacterial populations and thus decreasing genetic diversity and slowing down bacterial evolution.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lambda is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli. 
B)  Lambda is a linear double-stranded DNA phage. 
C)  Lambda is replicated by the rolling circle mechanism. 
D)  Lambda is a temperate phage that replicates its double-stranded DNA genome with a rolling circle mechanism. 
A)  Lambda is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli. 
B)  Lambda is a linear double-stranded DNA phage. 
C)  Lambda is replicated by the rolling circle mechanism. 
D)  Lambda is a temperate phage that replicates its double-stranded DNA genome with a rolling circle mechanism.

Question 16

What are the potential advantages of lysogeny compared to lysis for a temperate virus?

Accepted Answer

Answers could vary,but one idea is that

Question 17

The size and shape of viral particles is largely governed by the size and packaging of the viral

Accepted Answer

A)  envelope. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prophage. 
D)  genome. 
A)  envelope. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  prophage. 
D)  genome.

Question 18

Compare and contrast the structure,life cycle,and host cell type of naked and enveloped viruses.

Accepted Answer

A naked virus lacks an envelope and is c

Question 19

A cell that allows the complete replication cycle of a virus to take place is said to be a

Accepted Answer

A)  permissive host. 
B)  viral cell. 
C)  dead cell. 
D)  lytic cell. 
A)  permissive host. 
B)  viral cell. 
C)  dead cell. 
D)  lytic cell.

Question 20

The term "phage" is generally reserved for the viruses that infect

Accepted Answer

A)  animals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  multiple species. 
A)  animals. 
B)  plants. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  multiple species.

Exam 8: Viruses and Virology

Retroviruses are medically important viruses because

The concentration of infectious plaque forming units (pfu)per volume of fluid is known as the

A temperate virus does not exist as a virus particle inside the host cell.

Bacteriophages' genomes are typically composed of

Viral size is generally measured in

How does plating efficiency affect the number of plaque-forming units? How is plating efficiency calculated?

Enveloped viral membranes are generally ________ with associated virus-specific ________.

Viruses infecting ________ are typically the easiest to grow in the laboratory.

The virus repressor protein

Temperate viruses can enter into either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria.Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Compare and contrast a typical bacterial growth curve and a viral one-step growth curve.Explain why the growth curves are different based on bacterial and viral replication.

T4 and other bacteriophages commonly use a method of DNA replication and packaging called "headful packaging." Explain how viral genomes are replicated and packaged in this process and hypothesize how headful packaging might affect evolution of BOTH the bacteriophages and their prokaryotic hosts.

How do bacteriophage influence bacterial evolution?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

What are the potential advantages of lysogeny compared to lysis for a temperate virus?

The size and shape of viral particles is largely governed by the size and packaging of the viral

Compare and contrast the structure,life cycle,and host cell type of naked and enveloped viruses.

A cell that allows the complete replication cycle of a virus to take place is said to be a

The term "phage" is generally reserved for the viruses that infect

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Enveloped viral membranes are generally with associated virus-specific .