Question 1

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The overall direction of chain growth is from the 5' to 3' end. 
B)  Both processes require an RNA primer to begin. 
C)  The template strand is antiparallel to the newly synthesized strand. 
D)  DNA is the template for both DNA and RNA synthesis. 
A)  The overall direction of chain growth is from the 5' to 3' end. 
B)  Both processes require an RNA primer to begin. 
C)  The template strand is antiparallel to the newly synthesized strand. 
D)  DNA is the template for both DNA and RNA synthesis.

Question 2

You isolate a piece of DNA from a microorganism you cultivated from your teeth.The piece of DNA is 94 kbp is size and is circular.You sequence it and discover that it contains genes for capsule formation,pili,and antibiotic resistance,as well as an origin of replication.What is this piece of DNA and how is it related to the other genetic elements found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The piece of DNA is most likely a plasmi

Question 3

The template for RNA polymerase is ________,and the new RNA chain is ________ to the template.

Accepted Answer

A)  an independent RNA segment / parallel and identical 
B)  DNA / antiparallel and complementary 
C)  an independent RNA segment / antiparallel and complementary 
D)  DNA / parallel and identical 
A)  an independent RNA segment / parallel and identical 
B)  DNA / antiparallel and complementary 
C)  an independent RNA segment / antiparallel and complementary 
D)  DNA / parallel and identical

Question 4

Throughout the living world,the genetic code is generally universal; however,there are slight variations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Each adenine-thymine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds,while each guanine-cytosine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  two / one 
B)  two / three 
C)  four / three 
D)  three / two 
A)  two / one 
B)  two / three 
C)  four / three 
D)  three / two

Question 6

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C)  Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D)  Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
A)  Ribosomal proteins catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
B)  The 23S rRNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
C)  Transfer RNAs catalyze peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain. 
D)  Messenger RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation in the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 7

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  codon. 
D)  ribosome-binding sequence. 
A)  amino acid. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  codon. 
D)  ribosome-binding sequence.

Question 8

An operon is a useful genetic element,because it

Accepted Answer

A)  encourages the binding of RNA polymerase. 
B)  allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes. 
C)  translates DNA sequence into amino acid sequence. 
D)  encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location. 
A)  encourages the binding of RNA polymerase. 
B)  allows coordinated expression of multiple related genes in prokaryotes. 
C)  translates DNA sequence into amino acid sequence. 
D)  encourages the binding of ribosomes in the correct location.

Question 9

Transcription of chaperonins is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive osmotic pressure. 
B)  extremes in pH value. 
C)  lack of oxygen. 
D)  excessive heat. 
A)  excessive osmotic pressure. 
B)  extremes in pH value. 
C)  lack of oxygen. 
D)  excessive heat.

Question 10

During DNA replication Okazaki fragments are linked together by________,an enzyme that creates phosphodiester bonds between nicked fragments of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  exopolymerase 
B)  DNA gyrase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  exopolymerase 
B)  DNA gyrase 
C)  topoisomerase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 11

Genes found on plasmids DO NOT impact metabolism or cellular structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process in which mR

Question 13

The function of RNA polymerase is to

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribonucleotids. 
B)  catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides. 
C)  cleave mRNA to remove introns. 
D)  activate tRNAs. 
A)  catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribonucleotids. 
B)  catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides. 
C)  cleave mRNA to remove introns. 
D)  activate tRNAs.

Question 14

GTP provides energy for

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription. 
B)  translation. 
C)  DNA replication. 
D)  protein folding. 
A)  transcription. 
B)  translation. 
C)  DNA replication. 
D)  protein folding.

Question 15

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya.Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C)  Archaea lack operons. 
D)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases. 
A)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar ribosomes that are different than bacterial ribosomes. 
B)  Bacteria lack a nucleus. 
C)  Archaea lack operons. 
D)  Archaea and Eukarya have very similar RNA polymerases that are different than bacterial RNA polymerases.

Question 16

In all cells a gene encodes for

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein (via mRN
A) . 
B)  a tRNA. 
C)  an rRNA. 
D)  a protein, tRNA, or rRNA depending on the specific gene. 
A)  a protein (via mRN
A) . 
B)  a tRNA. 
C)  an rRNA. 
D)  a protein, tRNA, or rRNA depending on the specific gene.

Question 17

Explain the process of RNA transcription using the terms upstream,Pribnow box,and consensus sequence.

Accepted Answer

The RNA polymerase holoenzyme initiates

Question 18

Describe protein synthesis in terms of initiation,elongation,and termination/release.

Accepted Answer

Answers should describe Figure 4.36 in t

Question 19

How is an open reading frame (ORF)identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

Accepted Answer

An ORF is often predicted by identifying

Question 20

Speculate on why it can be problematic to copy and express genes from Bacteria into Eukarya.

Accepted Answer

Transcription in Bacteria is quite diffe

Exam 4: Molecular Biology

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding DNA and RNA synthesis?

The template for RNA polymerase is ________,and the new RNA chain is ________ to the template.

Throughout the living world,the genetic code is generally universal; however,there are slight variations.

Each adenine-thymine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds,while each guanine-cytosine base pair has ________ hydrogen bonds.

Which statement is TRUE regarding protein synthesis?

A triplet of bases on an mRNA molecule is known as a(n)

An operon is a useful genetic element,because it

Transcription of chaperonins is greatly accelerated when a cell is stressed by

During DNA replication Okazaki fragments are linked together by________,an enzyme that creates phosphodiester bonds between nicked fragments of DNA.

Genes found on plasmids DO NOT impact metabolism or cellular structures.

Explain the difference between transcription and translation and how the processes differ in bacteria and eukaryotes.

The function of RNA polymerase is to

GTP provides energy for

Many pharmaceutical drugs specifically inhibit transcription in Bacteria but not Archaea or Eukarya.Why would drugs that inhibit transcription only affect Bacteria and not Archaea even though they are both prokaryotes?

In all cells a gene encodes for

Explain the process of RNA transcription using the terms upstream,Pribnow box,and consensus sequence.

Describe protein synthesis in terms of initiation,elongation,and termination/release.

How is an open reading frame (ORF)identified and used to determine the sequence of amino acids in the gene it encodes for?

Speculate on why it can be problematic to copy and express genes from Bacteria into Eukarya.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

The template for RNA polymerase is ,and the new RNA chain is to the template.

Each adenine-thymine base pair has hydrogen bonds,while each guanine-cytosine base pair has hydrogen bonds.