Question 1

From the standpoint of the microorganism,in glycolysis the crucial product is

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP; the fermentation products are waste products. 
B)  ethanol or lactate; ATP is a waste product. 
C)  CO₂; ATP is a waste product. 
D)  not relevant because glycolysis is not a major pathway. 
A)  ATP; the fermentation products are waste products. 
B)  ethanol or lactate; ATP is a waste product. 
C)  CO₂; ATP is a waste product. 
D)  not relevant because glycolysis is not a major pathway.

Question 2

A chemoorganotroph and a chemolithotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  phosphorous. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  phosphorous.

Question 3

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes MOST to biomass is

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins.

Question 4

Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic in terms of free-energy calculations.

Accepted Answer

A positive change in free energy (ΔG⁰')m

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT membrane-associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH dehydrogenases 
B)  flavoproteins 
C)  cytochromes 
D)  Cytochromes, flavoproteins, and NADH dehydrogenases all can be membrane-associated. 
A)  NADH dehydrogenases 
B)  flavoproteins 
C)  cytochromes 
D)  Cytochromes, flavoproteins, and NADH dehydrogenases all can be membrane-associated.

Question 6

Based on the functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms,deduce which compounds phosphate exists as in microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  organic compounds 
B)  inorganic compounds 
C)  both organic and inorganic compounds 
D)  neither organic nor inorganic compounds 
A)  organic compounds 
B)  inorganic compounds 
C)  both organic and inorganic compounds 
D)  neither organic nor inorganic compounds

Question 7

Compare and contrast defined media and complex media.Use specific examples in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Defined media are prepared by adding ind

Question 8

The proton motive force is most often generated by splitting of H₂.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In a given chemical reaction,if the free energy of formation is known for all of the reactants and each of the products,the change in free energy can be calculated for the reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Molebdenum is a cofactor for nitrogenase,which means every nitrogen-fixing microorganisms will not be able to fix nitrogen without Mo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl~S-CoA 
B)  glycogen 
C)  adenosine triphosphate 
D)  H₂ 
A)  acetyl~S-CoA 
B)  glycogen 
C)  adenosine triphosphate 
D)  H₂

Question 12

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy conservation?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic catabolism 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  photoautrophy 
A)  aerobic catabolism 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  chemoorganotrophy 
D)  photoautrophy

Question 13

Each amino acid made during protein biosynthesis first requires a separate biosynthetic pathway to be invoked by a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Activation energy is the energy

Accepted Answer

A)  required to transform all reactants into their reactive state. 
B)  given off as the products in a chemical reaction are formed. 
C)  absorbed as ΔG⁰' moves from negative to positive. 
D)  needed by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction without coenzymes. 
A)  required to transform all reactants into their reactive state. 
B)  given off as the products in a chemical reaction are formed. 
C)  absorbed as ΔG⁰' moves from negative to positive. 
D)  needed by an enzyme to catalyze a reaction without coenzymes.

Question 15

Which metabolic cycle or pathway is LEAST likely to be invoked during the biosynthesis of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  gluconeogenesis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
A)  citric acid cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  gluconeogenesis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most bacteria are capable of using ammonia as their sole nitrogen source. 
B)  Some bacteria are able to use nitrates or nitrogen gas as their nitrogen source. 
C)  Most available nitrogen is in organic forms. 
D)  Nitrogen is a major component of proteins and nucleic acids. 
A)  Most bacteria are capable of using ammonia as their sole nitrogen source. 
B)  Some bacteria are able to use nitrates or nitrogen gas as their nitrogen source. 
C)  Most available nitrogen is in organic forms. 
D)  Nitrogen is a major component of proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 17

During electron transport reactions,

Accepted Answer

A)  OH⁻ accumulates on the outside of the membrane while H⁺ accumulates on the inside. 
B)  OH⁻ accumulates on the inside of the membrane while H⁺ accumulates on the outside. 
C)  both OH⁻ and H⁺ accumulate on the inside of the membrane. 
D)  both OH⁻ and H⁺ accumulate on the outside of the membrane. 
A)  OH⁻ accumulates on the outside of the membrane while H⁺ accumulates on the inside. 
B)  OH⁻ accumulates on the inside of the membrane while H⁺ accumulates on the outside. 
C)  both OH⁻ and H⁺ accumulate on the inside of the membrane. 
D)  both OH⁻ and H⁺ accumulate on the outside of the membrane.

Question 18

A bacterial isolate that grows better on a nutrient agar plate supplemented with amino acids but still grows in a nutrient agar plate lacking amino acids suggests amino acids are trace nutrients for the isolate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In substrate-level phosphorylation,ATP storage is depleted during the steps in catabolism of the fermentable compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Magnesium is not considered a growth factor for microorganisms,because growth factors are always organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Microbial Metabolism

From the standpoint of the microorganism,in glycolysis the crucial product is

A chemoorganotroph and a chemolithotroph in the same environment would NOT compete for

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes MOST to biomass is

Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic in terms of free-energy calculations.

Which of the following is NOT membrane-associated?

Based on the functional roles of phosphate in various microbial metabolisms,deduce which compounds phosphate exists as in microorganisms.

Compare and contrast defined media and complex media.Use specific examples in your answer.

The proton motive force is most often generated by splitting of H₂.

In a given chemical reaction,if the free energy of formation is known for all of the reactants and each of the products,the change in free energy can be calculated for the reaction.

Molebdenum is a cofactor for nitrogenase,which means every nitrogen-fixing microorganisms will not be able to fix nitrogen without Mo.

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

Which metabolic strategy does NOT invoke the proton motive force for energy conservation?

Each amino acid made during protein biosynthesis first requires a separate biosynthetic pathway to be invoked by a cell.

Activation energy is the energy

Which metabolic cycle or pathway is LEAST likely to be invoked during the biosynthesis of DNA?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

During electron transport reactions,

A bacterial isolate that grows better on a nutrient agar plate supplemented with amino acids but still grows in a nutrient agar plate lacking amino acids suggests amino acids are trace nutrients for the isolate.

In substrate-level phosphorylation,ATP storage is depleted during the steps in catabolism of the fermentable compounds.

Magnesium is not considered a growth factor for microorganisms,because growth factors are always organic compounds.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

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Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

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Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

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Immune Mechanisms

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Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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