Exam 5: Anesthesia

Anesthetic gases decrease the patient's heart rate depending on the concentration of the agent being used,and each of the anesthetic gases cause vasodilation which decreases the patient's blood pressure.Interventions that perioperative nurses can provide to help ensure a safe anesthetic experience include:

The physiologic effects resulting from the inhalation of gaseous anesthetic agents and intravenous infusion of anesthetic drugs inhibit several areas of the central nervous system (CNS).The processes by which they occur are explained by several proposed theories.Which of the options describes a plausible anesthetic mechanism of action?

A 72-year-old morbidly obese male patient with uncontrolled diabetes is examined by the anesthesia nurse practitioner in the preoperative holding area for physical status and airway assessment prior to surgery.His most likely American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA)physical status is:

In the past,MH mortality ranged up to 80%,but the immediate infusion of dantrolene (Dantrium)and proper treatment have reduced the death rate to about 5%.What is dantrolene's mechanism of action that reverses the hypermetabolic state and crisis?

Many factors have contributed to the evolution and progressive growth of ambulatory surgery.Select the three anesthetic agents that promote fast induction,rapid emergence,and minimal side effects and have been credited as a significant factor in this trend.

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)monitoring assesses neuromuscular transmission pathways during procedures where ischemia may occur because of surgical manipulation,resulting in sensory and motor function.This surveillance is most often employed in:

MH is a rare,multifaceted syndrome with an increased incidence in individuals with central core diseases such as:

Perioperative nurses should be familiar with all basic anesthetic monitors and normal ranges of physiologic parameters to:

A 78-year-old female is scheduled for compression nail insertion of a left fractured hip.She was positioned for a spinal injection to induce spinal anesthesia.During the process,the anesthesia provider inadvertently inserted the spinal needle into the subarachnoid space,not noticing the error until the entire syringe of lidocaine was administered to the patient.The patient immediately experienced rapid onset of hypotension,bradycardia,and apnea.This unintentional condition is called ______________ and now must be managed with _____________.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)is often a side effect of the analgesic ___________.

What is the primary purpose of premedication before anesthesia?

Multiple studies have found that intraoperative awareness (IOA)occurs in a small percentage of patients undergoing general anesthesia.Which high risk populations have more incidence of IOA?

Which anesthetic agent could not be given if an IV-only anesthesia plan was employed?

A frail 92-year-old was positioned in lithotomy for a 90-minute rectal procedure under SAB.At the end of the procedure,when the circulating nurse and surgeon gently removed her legs from the position and placed her in a supine position,she experienced a common side effect of spinal anesthesia,____________.

During a hypermetabolic MH crisis,the patient will require major modalities of treatment.In addition to dantrolene what is another priority intervention?

The anesthesia department at a small medical center has a total staff of 102 people.These employees serve in many roles as care providers,technical assistants,materials management,clinical engineers,and clerical staff.Select the list of direct-care anesthesia providers.

The term balanced anesthesia is described as:

A registered nurse working in a busy free-standing ambulatory surgery center has additional documented competency in providing an anesthesia modality to healthy patients having screening colonoscopies,bronchoscopies,and upper gastrointestinal (GI)endoscopies.This modality will allow this patient population to tolerate potentially uncomfortable procedures while maintaining their own airway and be easily aroused from light sleep.The nurse is competent and legally qualified to provide which modality of anesthesia?

Patient and family education are crucial for successful preanesthesia preparation.Which of the following information about regular medications should be provided as part of the preoperative preparation?

At a regional malignant hyperthermia (MH)testing center,a 14-year-old male is undergoing a muscle biopsy for suspected genetic predisposition to malignant hyperthermia.The anesthesia provider will provide light intravenous (IV)sedation while the surgeon infiltrates the biopsy site with a local anesthetic.This will facilitate the patient's tolerance of the procedure and minimize his risk for an MH episode.What is the current correct name for this anesthesia modality?