Exam 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders

In functional brain-imaging studies of Tourette patients who are suppressing their tics, abnormal activity has been consistently observed in the prefrontal cortex and

Determining the maximum safe dose typically occurs in the __________ phase of human clinical trials.

The problem with the elevated-plus-maze test as a model of anxiety is that it may be a test of __________ - sensitive anxiety rather than of anxiety in general.

The concordance rates for affective disorder are highest for

Study of the neural mechanisms of Tourette syndrome is difficult because

Benzodiazepines have been shown to reduce indices of fear and anxiety in the

The probability that a close biological relative (i.e., a parent, sibling, or child)of patient suffering from schizophrenia will also be diagnosed with schizophrenia is about

The agonistic effects of __________ on GABAA receptors are thought to account for the clinical effectiveness of this class of drugs on anxiety disorders.

The elevated-plus-maze test is a commonly used model of clinical

The ideal control treatments in human clinical trials are __________ placebos, placebos that produce the same side effects as those produced by the drug under investigation.

Which of the following early experiential factors have been implicated in some cases of schizophrenia?

Common verbal tics of Tourette syndrome include

In general, conventional neuroleptics tend to be more effective against

When anxiety disrupts normal behavioral functioning, it is generally referred to as

S.B., the biopsychology student who suffered from depression, is the ideal case with which to end Biopsychology because

An effective atypical antischizophrenic drug is

Drugs that reduce depression without increasing mania or reduce mania without increasing depression are called

Brain-imaging studies have consistently revealed degeneration and shrinkage of the __________ in patients with anxiety disorders.

About what percentage of people in Western societies suffer from clinical depression at some point in their lives?

Depressed patients who do not experience periods of __________ are said to suffer from unipolar depression.