Question 1

Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit of this practice?

Accepted Answer

A) A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year. 
B) Nitrogen is added to the soil because of the legumes' symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) Soil erosion is reduced by frequent plowing. 
D) Legumes decrease the amount of organic material in the soil. 
A) A greater amount of the primary crop can be harvested each year. 
B) Nitrogen is added to the soil because of the legumes' symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) Soil erosion is reduced by frequent plowing. 
D) Legumes decrease the amount of organic material in the soil.

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential problem with the use of transgenic varieties of plants that contain Bt toxin?

Accepted Answer

A) Bt toxin may be harmful to humans. 
B) Bt toxin may be harmful to some beneficial insects. 
C) Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin are not very hardy and require a lot of care. 
D) Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin require large amounts of fertilizers and chemical insecticides to grow. 
A) Bt toxin may be harmful to humans. 
B) Bt toxin may be harmful to some beneficial insects. 
C) Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin are not very hardy and require a lot of care. 
D) Transgenic crop varieties with Bt toxin require large amounts of fertilizers and chemical insecticides to grow.

Question 3

-What is implied by this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) The clay particle has a negative charge at its surface. 
B) The clay particle has a positive charge at its surface. 
C) The root hair has a negative charge at its surface. 
D) The plant does not need K⁺. 
A) The clay particle has a negative charge at its surface. 
B) The clay particle has a positive charge at its surface. 
C) The root hair has a negative charge at its surface. 
D) The plant does not need K⁺.

Question 4

Which of the following studies is a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) a study that examined a link between nitrogen in the soil and yellowing of leaves 
B) a study that summarized research reports from many laboratories around the world indicating a relationship between a diet high in plants and colon cancer 
C) a study that reported on seed germination rates at many different temperatures 
D) a study that related transpiration rates in a number of different plants to weather conditions over many areas in North America. 
A) a study that examined a link between nitrogen in the soil and yellowing of leaves 
B) a study that summarized research reports from many laboratories around the world indicating a relationship between a diet high in plants and colon cancer 
C) a study that reported on seed germination rates at many different temperatures 
D) a study that related transpiration rates in a number of different plants to weather conditions over many areas in North America.

Question 5

The pores that facilitate gas exchange in plant leaves are called

Accepted Answer

A) stomata. 
B) guard cells. 
C) lenticels. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
A) stomata. 
B) guard cells. 
C) lenticels. 
D) plasmodesmata.

Question 6

________ increase the surface area of roots.

Accepted Answer

A) Plasmodesmata 
B) Cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum 
C) Casparian strips 
D) Root hairs 
A) Plasmodesmata 
B) Cell walls and endoplasmic reticulum 
C) Casparian strips 
D) Root hairs

Question 7

Why was drip irrigation developed?

Accepted Answer

A) Drip irrigation uses less water than traditional methods. 
B) Drip irrigation increases soil erosion. 
C) Drip irrigation increases soil salinity. 
D) Drip irrigation increases evaporation and drainage. 
A) Drip irrigation uses less water than traditional methods. 
B) Drip irrigation increases soil erosion. 
C) Drip irrigation increases soil salinity. 
D) Drip irrigation increases evaporation and drainage.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures through which water passes into a root?

Accepted Answer

A) guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem 
B) root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis 
C) epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem 
D) root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem 
A) guard cell, endodermis, cortex, xylem 
B) root hair, cortex, xylem, endodermis 
C) epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem 
D) root hair, xylem, endodermis, phloem

Question 9

The loss of water from the leaves of plants is

Accepted Answer

A) adhesion. 
B) cohesion. 
C) transpiration. 
D) osmosis. 
A) adhesion. 
B) cohesion. 
C) transpiration. 
D) osmosis.

Question 10

Why don't the countries that most need high-protein crops grow them?

Accepted Answer

A) High-protein crops usually require fertilizers, which may not be affordable to these countries. 
B) High-protein crops require extensive irrigation, which may not be affordable to these countries. 
C) High-protein crops are more difficult to process, making the foods they produce too expensive. 
D) High-protein crops are typically low in most other vital nutrients. 
A) High-protein crops usually require fertilizers, which may not be affordable to these countries. 
B) High-protein crops require extensive irrigation, which may not be affordable to these countries. 
C) High-protein crops are more difficult to process, making the foods they produce too expensive. 
D) High-protein crops are typically low in most other vital nutrients.

Question 11

What force is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis 
B) hydrogen bonding between water molecules 
C) negative pressure created by evaporation 
D) ionic bonding 
A) osmosis 
B) hydrogen bonding between water molecules 
C) negative pressure created by evaporation 
D) ionic bonding

Question 12

Nitrogen fixation consists of

Accepted Answer

A) the conversion of ammonia to nitrate. 
B) the production of ammonium from decomposing organic matter. 
C) the conversion of N₂ to ammonia. 
D) the conversion of N₂ to ammonia or nitrate. 
A) the conversion of ammonia to nitrate. 
B) the production of ammonium from decomposing organic matter. 
C) the conversion of N₂ to ammonia. 
D) the conversion of N₂ to ammonia or nitrate.

Question 13

Much research is being done to increase the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants with root nodules. Why is this an important goal for agricultural researchers?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing the size of nodules will allow plants to fix more nitrogen into their own molecules. 
B) Nitrogen is an essential component of the amino acids used to form protein. 
C) Increasing the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants will allow them to make better use of nitrogen fertilizers. 
D) Removing the bacteria from the root nodules will allow more fixed nitrogen to be available to the plants. 
A) Decreasing the size of nodules will allow plants to fix more nitrogen into their own molecules. 
B) Nitrogen is an essential component of the amino acids used to form protein. 
C) Increasing the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants will allow them to make better use of nitrogen fertilizers. 
D) Removing the bacteria from the root nodules will allow more fixed nitrogen to be available to the plants.

Question 14

Which of the following lists the set of plant macronutrients that make up about 98% of a plant's dry weight?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, zinc, and copper 
B) carbon, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus 
C) nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, copper, and phosphorus 
D) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus 
A) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, zinc, and copper 
B) carbon, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus 
C) nitrogen, potassium, manganese, sulfur, copper, and phosphorus 
D) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus

Question 15

The relationship between a plant and mycorrhizal fungi is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) parasitic. 
B) competitive. 
C) mutualistic. 
D) commensal. 
A) parasitic. 
B) competitive. 
C) mutualistic. 
D) commensal.

Question 16

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-The data provide evidence for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The copper removal percentage was approximately doubled by the presence of the plants used to remediate the soil. 
B) Before restoration efforts, there was twice as much lead in the soil as cadmium. 
C) Phytoremediation is especially effective at removing zinc from the soil. 
D) The most toxic product in the soil is lead. 
A) The copper removal percentage was approximately doubled by the presence of the plants used to remediate the soil. 
B) Before restoration efforts, there was twice as much lead in the soil as cadmium. 
C) Phytoremediation is especially effective at removing zinc from the soil. 
D) The most toxic product in the soil is lead.

Question 17

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-The CEO of Acme Remediation Company is always trying to improve the company's effectiveness by keeping up with current research. Which of the following research topics should have the highest priority for that research?

Accepted Answer

A) comparison of plant species' tolerance of clay versus sandy soils 
B) comparison of plant species' ability to live in dry versus moist soils 
C) comparison of plant species' tolerance of heavy metals in soils 
D) comparison of plant species' bioaccumulation of metal ions 
A) comparison of plant species' tolerance of clay versus sandy soils 
B) comparison of plant species' ability to live in dry versus moist soils 
C) comparison of plant species' tolerance of heavy metals in soils 
D) comparison of plant species' bioaccumulation of metal ions

Question 18

Legumes, such as beans or peas,

Accepted Answer

A) form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
B) form mycorrhizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil. 
C) form parasitic relationships with other photosynthetic plants. 
D) fix N₂ from the atmosphere in their leaves. 
A) form mutualistic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
B) form mycorrhizal associations to increase nitrogen fixation in the soil. 
C) form parasitic relationships with other photosynthetic plants. 
D) fix N₂ from the atmosphere in their leaves.

Question 19

Commercial inorganic fertilizers have greatly increased agricultural productivity. Which of the following is an advantage of using inorganic rather than organic fertilizers?

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier for plants to absorb nutrients in an inorganic form. 
B) Nutrients are released faster from inorganic fertilizers. 
C) Inorganic nutrients bind more tightly to soil particles. 
D) Inorganic fertilizers increase the water-holding capacity of the soil. 
A) It is easier for plants to absorb nutrients in an inorganic form. 
B) Nutrients are released faster from inorganic fertilizers. 
C) Inorganic nutrients bind more tightly to soil particles. 
D) Inorganic fertilizers increase the water-holding capacity of the soil.

Question 20

In an attempt to determine the source of a growing plant's mass, van Helmont planted a willow seedling in a pot of soil. After five years, the willow weighed 76.8 kg, and the soil had lost 0.06 kg of weight. Only water had been added to the pot. Which of the following conclusions should van Helmont have drawn?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants get their mass from water. 
B) Plants get their mass from water and air. 
C) Plants get their mass from water and atmospheric CO₂. 
D) Plants get all or almost all of their mass from a source other than soil. 
A) Plants get their mass from water. 
B) Plants get their mass from water and air. 
C) Plants get their mass from water and atmospheric CO₂. 
D) Plants get all or almost all of their mass from a source other than soil.

Exam 32: Plant Nutrition and Transport

Legumes are frequently grown in rotation with primary field crops. What is the benefit of this practice?

Which of the following is a potential problem with the use of transgenic varieties of plants that contain Bt toxin?

-What is implied by this figure?

Which of the following studies is a meta-analysis?

The pores that facilitate gas exchange in plant leaves are called

________ increase the surface area of roots.

Why was drip irrigation developed?

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures through which water passes into a root?

The loss of water from the leaves of plants is

Why don't the countries that most need high-protein crops grow them?

What force is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?

Nitrogen fixation consists of

Much research is being done to increase the nitrogen-fixing ability of plants with root nodules. Why is this an important goal for agricultural researchers?

Which of the following lists the set of plant macronutrients that make up about 98% of a plant's dry weight?

The relationship between a plant and mycorrhizal fungi is best described as

Legumes, such as beans or peas,

Commercial inorganic fertilizers have greatly increased agricultural productivity. Which of the following is an advantage of using inorganic rather than organic fertilizers?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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