Question 1

A main force that moves water through a plant is

Accepted Answer

A) transpiration. 
B) photosynthesis. 
C) pressure flow. 
D) adhesion. 
A) transpiration. 
B) photosynthesis. 
C) pressure flow. 
D) adhesion.

Question 2

Plants are sometimes used for phytoremediation in areas where the soil has been contaminated with heavy metals. Suppose the Acme Remediation Company is proposing to remediate a contaminated area that you wish to restore. Acme presents you with the following data as evidence of their company's ability to remediate soil.
  
-Which would provide the best evidence that Acme's phytoremediation really works?

Accepted Answer

A) data on heavy metal content of plants grown in normal soil versus soil contaminated with heavy metals 
B) testimonials from former Acme customers 
C) a list of plant species that tolerate heavy metals 
D) a list of publications of the scientists that work at Acme 
A) data on heavy metal content of plants grown in normal soil versus soil contaminated with heavy metals 
B) testimonials from former Acme customers 
C) a list of plant species that tolerate heavy metals 
D) a list of publications of the scientists that work at Acme

Question 3

Carnivorousness in plants is primarily an adaptation for

Accepted Answer

A) growing in soil poor in organic material. 
B) growing in soil poor in usable nitrogen. 
C) obtaining supplemental carbon for photosynthesis. 
D) discouraging herbivorous insects. 
A) growing in soil poor in organic material. 
B) growing in soil poor in usable nitrogen. 
C) obtaining supplemental carbon for photosynthesis. 
D) discouraging herbivorous insects.

Question 4

Micronutrients function in plants mainly as

Accepted Answer

A) joining elements in organic molecule carbon skeletons. 
B) regulators of membrane transport. 
C) cofactors in chemical reactions. 
D) food reserves for pollen grains. 
A) joining elements in organic molecule carbon skeletons. 
B) regulators of membrane transport. 
C) cofactors in chemical reactions. 
D) food reserves for pollen grains.

Question 5

The term "carnivorous" as applied to carnivorous plants is not considered accurate by some biologists because

Accepted Answer

A) carnivorous plants do not use insects for food (which must be a source of energy and matter). 
B) carnivorous plants only use insects as pollinators and do not gain any nutrients from them. 
C) carnivorous plants do not actually take in and digest whole insects. 
D) carnivorous plants do not move around; an organism must be able to locomote to be considered a carnivore. 
A) carnivorous plants do not use insects for food (which must be a source of energy and matter). 
B) carnivorous plants only use insects as pollinators and do not gain any nutrients from them. 
C) carnivorous plants do not actually take in and digest whole insects. 
D) carnivorous plants do not move around; an organism must be able to locomote to be considered a carnivore.

Question 6

In evaluating the economic feasibility of genetically modified crops, which of the following is least likely to be a concern?

Accepted Answer

A) resistance of the crop to disease 
B) amount of fertilizer needed for the crop 
C) amount of land available for the crop 
D) harm to humans caused by eating the crop 
A) resistance of the crop to disease 
B) amount of fertilizer needed for the crop 
C) amount of land available for the crop 
D) harm to humans caused by eating the crop

Question 7

Where do plants get most of their mass?

Accepted Answer

A) from nitrogen in the atmosphere 
B) from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
C) from water, as van Helmont predicted 
D) from organic molecules taken up from the soil 
A) from nitrogen in the atmosphere 
B) from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
C) from water, as van Helmont predicted 
D) from organic molecules taken up from the soil

Question 8

Which of the following essential nutrients is most likely to leach from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A) Ca²⁺ 
B) Mg²⁺ 
C) K⁺ 
D) NO₃⁻ 
A) Ca²⁺ 
B) Mg²⁺ 
C) K⁺ 
D) NO₃⁻

Question 9

Generally speaking, fluids in plants are

Accepted Answer

A) pushed through phloem and pulled through xylem. 
B) pushed through xylem and pulled through phloem. 
C) pulled through both xylem and phloem. 
D) actively pumped throughout the plant. 
A) pushed through phloem and pulled through xylem. 
B) pushed through xylem and pulled through phloem. 
C) pulled through both xylem and phloem. 
D) actively pumped throughout the plant.

Question 10

A gardener planted large, healthy flower bulbs in her garden. When spring arrived, green shoots emerged from the bulbs, and some of them, but not all, produced flowers. She decided to dig up a few bulbs that flowered and a few that didn't to see if she could see what the difference was. She was stunned to find that none of the bulbs looked healthy; they all appeared much smaller. What had happened?

Accepted Answer

A) The bulbs were a sugar source; sugars from them traveled up the phloem to the aboveground sugar sink. 
B) The bulbs gave off water as they produced shoots; their smaller size was due to dehydration. 
C) All of the molecules in the bulb were transferred to the aboveground shoots. 
D) The bulbs were a sugar sink, so water flowed into them and out the roots, washing material from the bulb into the soil. 
A) The bulbs were a sugar source; sugars from them traveled up the phloem to the aboveground sugar sink. 
B) The bulbs gave off water as they produced shoots; their smaller size was due to dehydration. 
C) All of the molecules in the bulb were transferred to the aboveground shoots. 
D) The bulbs were a sugar sink, so water flowed into them and out the roots, washing material from the bulb into the soil.

Question 11

Under which of the following weather conditions would transpiration be most rapid?

Accepted Answer

A) hot, humid weather 
B) cold, humid weather 
C) hot, dry weather 
D) windy, wet weather 
A) hot, humid weather 
B) cold, humid weather 
C) hot, dry weather 
D) windy, wet weather

Question 12

A peanut farmer decides that she can make more money growing cotton and so plants her fields with cotton. The terrific yield of her fields is so encouraging that she continues to plant cotton for several more years, but each year her cotton yield decreases. What advice could you give her to increase her yield?

Accepted Answer

A) Use a little less fertilizer each year since the soil is becoming overfertilized. 
B) Plant peanuts in alternate years since this crop rotation will provide extra nitrogen to the soil. 
C) Leave the fields unplanted in alternate years so the soil can recover. 
D) Plant a different crop every year since different crops deplete different soil nutrients. 
A) Use a little less fertilizer each year since the soil is becoming overfertilized. 
B) Plant peanuts in alternate years since this crop rotation will provide extra nitrogen to the soil. 
C) Leave the fields unplanted in alternate years so the soil can recover. 
D) Plant a different crop every year since different crops deplete different soil nutrients.

Question 13

The existence of a hydrostatic pressure gradient in phloem tubes can be accounted for by

Accepted Answer

A) the fact that the leaves are higher than the roots, which means that gravity creates pressure. 
B) the diffusion of water from one sieve-tube cell to the next. 
C) the loading of sugars into phloem at sources and removal of sugars at sinks. 
D) the active transport of water from sugar sources to sugar sinks. 
A) the fact that the leaves are higher than the roots, which means that gravity creates pressure. 
B) the diffusion of water from one sieve-tube cell to the next. 
C) the loading of sugars into phloem at sources and removal of sugars at sinks. 
D) the active transport of water from sugar sources to sugar sinks.

Question 14

If a plant is kept in the dark,

Accepted Answer

A) the stomata continue their daily rhythm of opening and closing. 
B) the stomata will remain closed the entire time that the plant is in the dark. 
C) the stomata will remain open the entire time that the plant is in the dark. 
D) the guard cells will open as water is added. 
A) the stomata continue their daily rhythm of opening and closing. 
B) the stomata will remain closed the entire time that the plant is in the dark. 
C) the stomata will remain open the entire time that the plant is in the dark. 
D) the guard cells will open as water is added.

Question 15

Compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming

Accepted Answer

A) uses fewer synthetic pesticides. 
B) increases crop yields. 
C) guarantees the safety and extra health benefits of food. 
D) requires much less hands-on work. 
A) uses fewer synthetic pesticides. 
B) increases crop yields. 
C) guarantees the safety and extra health benefits of food. 
D) requires much less hands-on work.

Question 16

Which of the following would be the best way to determine if aphids must actively draw phloem sap into their digestive tract or if hydrostatic pressure in the phloem tube could force the sap into them?

Accepted Answer

A) Cut a phloem tube off an aphid and see if it can still feed. 
B) Cut a phloem tube from a plant and see if an aphid can still take up sap from it. 
C) Measure relative rates of sugar manufacture in leaves with and without aphids. 
D) Insert mouth parts removed from an aphid, without including the digestive tract, into phloem sap and see if sap keeps flowing through them. 
A) Cut a phloem tube off an aphid and see if it can still feed. 
B) Cut a phloem tube from a plant and see if an aphid can still take up sap from it. 
C) Measure relative rates of sugar manufacture in leaves with and without aphids. 
D) Insert mouth parts removed from an aphid, without including the digestive tract, into phloem sap and see if sap keeps flowing through them.

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be an epiphyte?

Accepted Answer

A) a plant growing on the branches of another plant 
B) a plant that captures insects 
C) a plant with a very deep root system 
D) a plant that parasitizes another plant 
A) a plant growing on the branches of another plant 
B) a plant that captures insects 
C) a plant with a very deep root system 
D) a plant that parasitizes another plant

Question 18

How do sugars move from one sieve-tube cell to the next?

Accepted Answer

A) by osmotic diffusion through the sieve plate 
B) by flowing along with water through perforations in the sieve plate 
C) by active transport across cell membranes at the sieve plate 
D) by diffusion through a companion cell that spans the sieve plate 
A) by osmotic diffusion through the sieve plate 
B) by flowing along with water through perforations in the sieve plate 
C) by active transport across cell membranes at the sieve plate 
D) by diffusion through a companion cell that spans the sieve plate

Question 19

An example of an organism that parasitizes a host plant is

Accepted Answer

A) a mycorrhizal fungus. 
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. 
C) a Venus flytrap. 
D) mistletoe. 
A) a mycorrhizal fungus. 
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. 
C) a Venus flytrap. 
D) mistletoe.

Question 20

Which of the following options best describes the mechanism that causes a stoma to open?

Accepted Answer

A) K⁺ enters the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells turgid. 
B) K⁺ activates water pumps in the guard cell membrane that make them turgid. 
C) K⁺ leaves the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells flaccid. 
D) Loss of K⁺ from guard cells creates positive pressure and expands the guard cells. 
A) K⁺ enters the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells turgid. 
B) K⁺ activates water pumps in the guard cell membrane that make them turgid. 
C) K⁺ leaves the guard cells and water follows passively, making the cells flaccid. 
D) Loss of K⁺ from guard cells creates positive pressure and expands the guard cells.

Exam 32: Plant Nutrition and Transport

A main force that moves water through a plant is

Carnivorousness in plants is primarily an adaptation for

Micronutrients function in plants mainly as

The term "carnivorous" as applied to carnivorous plants is not considered accurate by some biologists because

In evaluating the economic feasibility of genetically modified crops, which of the following is least likely to be a concern?

Where do plants get most of their mass?

Which of the following essential nutrients is most likely to leach from the soil?

Generally speaking, fluids in plants are

Under which of the following weather conditions would transpiration be most rapid?

The existence of a hydrostatic pressure gradient in phloem tubes can be accounted for by

If a plant is kept in the dark,

Compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming

Which of the following would be the best way to determine if aphids must actively draw phloem sap into their digestive tract or if hydrostatic pressure in the phloem tube could force the sap into them?

Which of the following is most likely to be an epiphyte?

How do sugars move from one sieve-tube cell to the next?

An example of an organism that parasitizes a host plant is

Which of the following options best describes the mechanism that causes a stoma to open?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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