Question 1

Which of the following results from stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) release of glucose from the liver 
B) decreased heart rate 
C) stimulation of the digestive organs 
D) constriction of the bronchi 
A) release of glucose from the liver 
B) decreased heart rate 
C) stimulation of the digestive organs 
D) constriction of the bronchi

Question 2

The effect of a sending neuron on a receiving neuron is typically greater when ________ neurotransmitters bind to the receiving neuron and the synapse is ________ the base of the receiving cell's axon.

Accepted Answer

A) more; close to 
B) fewer; close to 
C) more; far from 
D) fewer; far from 
A) more; close to 
B) fewer; close to 
C) more; far from 
D) fewer; far from

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding the nervous system is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory neurons convey signals from the CNS to sensory receptors. 
B) Motor neurons convey signals from the CNS to effector cells. 
C) The PNS is composed entirely of nerves. 
D) The CNS and the brain are the same thing. 
A) Sensory neurons convey signals from the CNS to sensory receptors. 
B) Motor neurons convey signals from the CNS to effector cells. 
C) The PNS is composed entirely of nerves. 
D) The CNS and the brain are the same thing.

Question 4

Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine. 
B) serotonin. 
C) acetylcholine. 
D) endorphins. 
A) dopamine. 
B) serotonin. 
C) acetylcholine. 
D) endorphins.

Question 5

You are sitting with a friend in the park next to some children who are playing Frisbee. You turn to talk to your friend and out of the corner of your eye you see a Frisbee quickly approaching your face. As an innate, protective behavior, you blink your eyes. The protective action of blinking is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) reflex. 
B) integration. 
C) chemical synapse. 
D) neurotransmitter. 
A) reflex. 
B) integration. 
C) chemical synapse. 
D) neurotransmitter.

Question 6

The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. 
B) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 
C) sensory nervous system and motor nervous system. 
D) voluntary nervous system and involuntary nervous system. 
A) sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. 
B) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 
C) sensory nervous system and motor nervous system. 
D) voluntary nervous system and involuntary nervous system.

Question 7

Low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine can lessen the ability to focus effectively on tasks. However, high levels of dopamine can result in feelings of motivation. How would you classify dopamine and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Dopamine is excitatory because it enhances motivation levels. 
B) Dopamine is inhibitory because it diminishes the ability to focus. 
C) Dopamine is both inhibitory and excitatory because it can enhance motivation levels but diminish the ability to focus. 
D) There is not enough information given to answer the question. 
A) Dopamine is excitatory because it enhances motivation levels. 
B) Dopamine is inhibitory because it diminishes the ability to focus. 
C) Dopamine is both inhibitory and excitatory because it can enhance motivation levels but diminish the ability to focus. 
D) There is not enough information given to answer the question.

Question 8

What part of a neuron carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) node of Ranvier 
B) axon 
C) cell body 
D) dendrite 
A) node of Ranvier 
B) axon 
C) cell body 
D) dendrite

Question 9

Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example is sessile or slow-moving molluscs such as clams, which

Accepted Answer

A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. 
B) use chemical synapses to process complex information. 
C) have a well-developed brain that functions as a master control center. 
D) use their circulatory system as a mechanism for distributing nerve impulses. 
A) have little or no cephalization and simple sense organs. 
B) use chemical synapses to process complex information. 
C) have a well-developed brain that functions as a master control center. 
D) use their circulatory system as a mechanism for distributing nerve impulses.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding brain activity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Recent research has revealed that the 1848 accident involving Phineas Gage caused damage to his hindbrain. 
B) People usually die following a hemispherectomy. 
C) People cannot function when the communication channels between the hemispheres are cut. 
D) New techniques, such as PET scans and fMRIs, allow researchers to associate specific parts of the brain with certain activities. 
A) Recent research has revealed that the 1848 accident involving Phineas Gage caused damage to his hindbrain. 
B) People usually die following a hemispherectomy. 
C) People cannot function when the communication channels between the hemispheres are cut. 
D) New techniques, such as PET scans and fMRIs, allow researchers to associate specific parts of the brain with certain activities.

Question 11

The uniformity in the way nerve cells function within the animal kingdom

Accepted Answer

A) indicates that the PNS evolved before the CNS. 
B) is evidence that the neuron was an early evolutionary adaptation. 
C) is proof of neurotransmitter efficiency. 
D) must have prevented the development of diversity. 
A) indicates that the PNS evolved before the CNS. 
B) is evidence that the neuron was an early evolutionary adaptation. 
C) is proof of neurotransmitter efficiency. 
D) must have prevented the development of diversity.

Question 12

The human cerebral cortex accounts for what percentage of the total mass of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80% 
A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80%

Question 13

The relationship between spinal nerves and the spinal cord is most like the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A) the hairs on a person's head. 
B) the vertical and horizontal threads woven together to form a piece of cloth. 
C) an interstate highway and the many roads that intersect with it via on- and off-ramps. 
D) a bowl of spaghetti and the sauce that is poured onto it. 
A) the hairs on a person's head. 
B) the vertical and horizontal threads woven together to form a piece of cloth. 
C) an interstate highway and the many roads that intersect with it via on- and off-ramps. 
D) a bowl of spaghetti and the sauce that is poured onto it.

Question 14

Describe what is happening in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

A) Resting potential is not restored. 
B) The neuron is experiencing resting potential. 
C) There are fewer positive charges on the inside of the neuron, so it is less negative. 
D) The neuron is working to restore the resting potential of -70 mV. 
A) Resting potential is not restored. 
B) The neuron is experiencing resting potential. 
C) There are fewer positive charges on the inside of the neuron, so it is less negative. 
D) The neuron is working to restore the resting potential of -70 mV.

Question 15

Neurotransmitters that open Na⁺ channels and trigger action potentials in receiving cells are called

Accepted Answer

A) inhibitory. 
B) cross-linked. 
C) excitatory. 
D) obligatory. 
A) inhibitory. 
B) cross-linked. 
C) excitatory. 
D) obligatory.

Question 16

The central communication conduit between the brain and the rest of the body is the

Accepted Answer

A) brainstem. 
B) nerve bundle. 
C) spinal cord. 
D) nervous system. 
A) brainstem. 
B) nerve bundle. 
C) spinal cord. 
D) nervous system.

Question 17

Complete the analogy: The structure of dendrites is like that of ________, while the structure of axons is like that of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) taproots; branched roots 
B) myelin sheath; nodes of Ranvier 
C) branched roots; taproots 
D) nodes of Ranvier; myelin sheath 
A) taproots; branched roots 
B) myelin sheath; nodes of Ranvier 
C) branched roots; taproots 
D) nodes of Ranvier; myelin sheath

Question 18

Nervous system effector cells

Accepted Answer

A) are white cells found in the circulatory system. 
B) consist of sensory cells. 
C) include muscle cells and gland cells. 
D) provide automatic responses to stimuli. 
A) are white cells found in the circulatory system. 
B) consist of sensory cells. 
C) include muscle cells and gland cells. 
D) provide automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 19

The network of neurons that extends through the core of the brainstem and selects information that reaches the cerebral cortex during sleep is the

Accepted Answer

A) medulla. 
B) limbic system. 
C) reticular formation. 
D) brainstem core. 
A) medulla. 
B) limbic system. 
C) reticular formation. 
D) brainstem core.

Question 20

Which of the following results from stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) increased heart rate 
B) inhibition of the digestive organs 
C) inhibition of urination 
D) stimulation of saliva secretion 
A) increased heart rate 
B) inhibition of the digestive organs 
C) inhibition of urination 
D) stimulation of saliva secretion

Exam 28: Nervous Systems

Which of the following results from stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system?

The effect of a sending neuron on a receiving neuron is typically greater when ________ neurotransmitters bind to the receiving neuron and the synapse is ________ the base of the receiving cell's axon.

Which of the following statements regarding the nervous system is true?

Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficiency in

The two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system are the

Low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine can lessen the ability to focus effectively on tasks. However, high levels of dopamine can result in feelings of motivation. How would you classify dopamine and why?

What part of a neuron carries signals toward the part of the cell that houses the nucleus?

Natural selection tends to correlate the structures of a nervous system with an animal's interaction with the environment. A good example is sessile or slow-moving molluscs such as clams, which

Which of the following statements regarding brain activity is true?

The uniformity in the way nerve cells function within the animal kingdom

The human cerebral cortex accounts for what percentage of the total mass of the brain?

The relationship between spinal nerves and the spinal cord is most like the relationship between

Describe what is happening in the following figure.

Neurotransmitters that open Na⁺ channels and trigger action potentials in receiving cells are called

The central communication conduit between the brain and the rest of the body is the

Complete the analogy: The structure of dendrites is like that of ________, while the structure of axons is like that of ________.

Nervous system effector cells

The network of neurons that extends through the core of the brainstem and selects information that reaches the cerebral cortex during sleep is the

Which of the following results from stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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The effect of a sending neuron on a receiving neuron is typically greater when neurotransmitters bind to the receiving neuron and the synapse is the base of the receiving cell's axon.

Complete the analogy: The structure of dendrites is like that of , while the structure of axons is like that of .