Question 1

In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help

Accepted Answer

A) prevent goiter. 
B) prevent the growth of bacteria. 
C) prevent the development of mental retardation. 
D) reduce tooth decay. 
A) prevent goiter. 
B) prevent the growth of bacteria. 
C) prevent the development of mental retardation. 
D) reduce tooth decay.

Question 2

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets.
-If you could check the pH of the recommended tablets, you would expect it to be

Accepted Answer

A) higher than 7. 
B) lower than 7. 
C) exactly 7. 
D) pH neutral. 
A) higher than 7. 
B) lower than 7. 
C) exactly 7. 
D) pH neutral.

Question 3

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the Internet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets.
-If you were able to chemically analyze your stomach fluids 30 minutes after taking two tablets, you would find

Accepted Answer

A) more hydrogen ions. 
B) fewer hydrogen ions. 
C) the same number of hydrogen ions. 
D) that the pH in your stomach has decreased. 
A) more hydrogen ions. 
B) fewer hydrogen ions. 
C) the same number of hydrogen ions. 
D) that the pH in your stomach has decreased.

Question 4

In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a ________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A) double covalent 
B) nonpolar covalent 
C) hydrogen 
D) polar covalent 
A) double covalent 
B) nonpolar covalent 
C) hydrogen 
D) polar covalent

Question 5

________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) Ionic bonds 
B) Covalent bonds 
C) Polar covalent bonds 
D) Hydrogen bonds 
A) Ionic bonds 
B) Covalent bonds 
C) Polar covalent bonds 
D) Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

Household ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, is a mixture of ammonia (NH₃)and water. What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A) polar covalent bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
B) polar covalent bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
C) hydrogen bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
D) hydrogen bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
A) polar covalent bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
B) polar covalent bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water 
C) hydrogen bonds between positively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and negatively charged oxygen atoms in water 
D) hydrogen bonds between negatively charged nitrogen atoms in ammonia and positively charged hydrogen atoms in water

Question 7

Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt?

Accepted Answer

A) iodine 
B) iron 
C) magnesium 
D) fluoride 
A) iodine 
B) iron 
C) magnesium 
D) fluoride

Question 8

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O, the H₂ molecules are ________ and the H₂O molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reactants; products 
B) products; reactants 
C) created; destroyed 
D) used; stored 
A) reactants; products 
B) products; reactants 
C) created; destroyed 
D) used; stored

Question 9

Below is a figure from an experiment that was performed to measure the effect of carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)concentration on the calcification (growth)rate of coral reefs. At which point on the graph is the ocean pH the lowest?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 10

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

Accepted Answer

A) insects fly around a bright lamp at night. 
B) cars are parked along the sides of a street. 
C) boats cross a lake. 
D) birds migrate to a new winter home. 
A) insects fly around a bright lamp at night. 
B) cars are parked along the sides of a street. 
C) boats cross a lake. 
D) birds migrate to a new winter home.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes a compound?

Accepted Answer

A) A compound is a pure element. 
B) A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. 
C) A compound is exemplified by sodium. 
D) A compound is a solution. 
A) A compound is a pure element. 
B) A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. 
C) A compound is exemplified by sodium. 
D) A compound is a solution.

Question 12

Silicon is an element that is found directly underneath carbon in the periodic table. How many electrons are in the valence shell of a silicon atom?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help

In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a ________ bond.

________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.

Household ammonia, or ammonium hydroxide, is a mixture of ammonia (NH₃)and water. What types of bonding interactions will occur between molecules of ammonia and water in a bottle of household ammonia?

Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt?

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O, the H₂ molecules are ________ and the H₂O molecules are ________.

Below is a figure from an experiment that was performed to measure the effect of carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)concentration on the calcification (growth)rate of coral reefs. At which point on the graph is the ocean pH the lowest?

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

Which of the following statements best describes a compound?

Silicon is an element that is found directly underneath carbon in the periodic table. How many electrons are in the valence shell of a silicon atom?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O, the H₂ molecules are and the H₂O molecules are .