Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill (the drug)is joined to another substance by ________. This forms a(n)________, which is stable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of the digestive system to release the drug to the body.

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?

The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?

A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

Clots in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke by blocking blood flow. If a clot were made up of a mass of proteins, what changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot?

Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true?

A(n)________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O,

A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range is 7.35-7.45). What has happened to the blood pH and why?

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow. Uranium is a metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The vast majority of uranium found on Earth is in the form of uranium-238, an isotope with a mass number of 238, while the uranium that is used for nuclear reactors and weapons is uranium-235, an isotope with a mass number of 235. -What is the atomic difference between uranium-235 and uranium-238?

How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

A nutrition facts label from a fortified cereal states that in a single serving of cereal there is 8% of the percent daily value of the element phosphorous. The label also says that a single serving of cereal plus one-half cup of skim milk has 20% of the percent daily value of phosphorus. Which of the following statements is false?

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, in which glucose is used to generate ATP to power the cell. The major chemical reaction that takes place in glycolysis (ignoring some other reactants and products)is the conversion of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)to pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃)and hydrogen ions (H⁺). Using this information, what is the correct equation for the glycolysis chemical reaction?

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could