Question 1

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following question:
-Where does secretion mostly occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 2 
A) 5 
B) 1 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 2

Question 2

Calculate filtration pressure (FP)in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg,a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg,and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) FP = 10 mm Hg 
B) FP = 95 mm Hg 
C) FP = 55 mm Hg 
D) FP = 45 mm Hg 
E) FP = 15 mm Hg 
A) FP = 10 mm Hg 
B) FP = 95 mm Hg 
C) FP = 55 mm Hg 
D) FP = 45 mm Hg 
E) FP = 15 mm Hg

Question 3

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A) large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B) expanded ends of nephrons. 
C) basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids. 
A) large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B) expanded ends of nephrons. 
C) basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E) the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 4

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

Accepted Answer

A) releases renin 
B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration 
C) final urine enters here 
D) initial filtrate enters here 
E) tip of the medullary pyramid 
A) releases renin 
B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration 
C) final urine enters here 
D) initial filtrate enters here 
E) tip of the medullary pyramid

Question 5

Functions of the urinary system include

Accepted Answer

A) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. 
B) regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. 
C) helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D) conservation of valuable nutrients. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. 
B) regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. 
C) helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D) conservation of valuable nutrients. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves

Accepted Answer

A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)by the neurohypophysis. 
B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. 
C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. 
D) an increase in facultative water reabsorption. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)by the neurohypophysis. 
B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells. 
C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts. 
D) an increase in facultative water reabsorption. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

An inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulonephritis. 
B) polycystic kidney disease. 
C) calculi. 
D) renal failure. 
E) hematuria. 
A) glomerulonephritis. 
B) polycystic kidney disease. 
C) calculi. 
D) renal failure. 
E) hematuria.

Question 8

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) collecting ducts 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) glomerulus 
A) glomerular (Bowman's)capsule 
B) distal convoluted tubule 
C) collecting ducts 
D) proximal convoluted tubule 
E) glomerulus

Question 9

During the micturition reflex,

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. 
B) parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is subconsciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord. 
B) parasympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active. 
C) the internal sphincter is subconsciously relaxed. 
D) the external sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

Accepted Answer

A) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood. 
A) blood colloid osmotic pressure. 
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C) osmotic pressure of the urine. 
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood.

Question 11

The renal threshold for glucose is approximately ________ mg/dl.

Accepted Answer

A) 75 
B) 90 
C) 100 
D) 140 
E) 180 
A) 75 
B) 90 
C) 100 
D) 140 
E) 180

Question 12

Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree,except the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A) urinary 
B) integumentary 
C) digestive 
D) endocrine 
E) respiratory 
A) urinary 
B) integumentary 
C) digestive 
D) endocrine 
E) respiratory

Question 13

The detrusor muscle

Accepted Answer

A) moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. 
B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C) functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D) functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E) surrounds the renal pelvis. 
A) moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis. 
B) compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C) functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D) functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E) surrounds the renal pelvis.

Question 14

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

Accepted Answer

A) pyramids. 
B) renal columns. 
C) renal pelvises. 
D) nephrons. 
E) calyces. 
A) pyramids. 
B) renal columns. 
C) renal pelvises. 
D) nephrons. 
E) calyces.

Question 15

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

Accepted Answer

A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP 
D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP 
E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP) 
A) FP = BHP + CsHP - BCOP 
B) FP = BHP - (CsHP + BCOP) 
C) FP = CsHP + BHP - BCOP 
D) FP = BCOP - BHP + CsHP 
E) FP = BCOP + (BHP - CsHP)

Question 16

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

Accepted Answer

A) the overlying peritoneum. 
B) contact with adjacent visceral organs. 
C) supporting connective tissues. 
D) the renal fascia. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) the overlying peritoneum. 
B) contact with adjacent visceral organs. 
C) supporting connective tissues. 
D) the renal fascia. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

The concentration at which all of the carriers for a given substance are saturated is the ________.

Accepted Answer

tubular ma

Question 18

Renal columns are

Accepted Answer

A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. 
B) expanded ends of the ureters. 
C) the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. 
E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. 
B) expanded ends of the ureters. 
C) the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. 
E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

Question 19

In the process of ________ two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy.One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the process of ________ two substances...

Question 20

Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion:

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) glucose 
C) hydrogen ions 
D) sodium ions 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) water 
B) glucose 
C) hydrogen ions 
D) sodium ions 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following question: -Where does secretion mostly occur?

Calculate filtration pressure (FP)in a nephron with a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 55 mm Hg,a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg,and a capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg.

Major calyces are

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term renal papilla?

Functions of the urinary system include

The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves

An inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla?

During the micturition reflex,

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

The renal threshold for glucose is approximately ________ mg/dl.

Each of the following organ systems excretes wastes to some degree,except the ________ system.

The detrusor muscle

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: CsHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

The concentration at which all of the carriers for a given substance are saturated is the ________.

Renal columns are

In the process of ________ two substances are moved across a cell membrane in the same direction without directly using cellular energy.One of the substances can be moved against a concentration gradient by this process.

Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion:

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters