Exam 3: A: Anatomy of Cells

In order for the Golgi apparatus to function correctly,both the ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum must be functioning also.

The usual destination for vesicles released by the Golgi apparatus is the nucleus of the cell.

The size of a cell's nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces.

Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads form one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton.

The major direct cell connections are tight junctions,gap junctions,and desmosomes.

Many ribosomes can work on the same mRNA strand at the same time; when this occurs,the structure is called a polyribosome.

An angstrom is larger than a nanometer.

Another term for cytosol is intracellular fluid.

The only structural difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)is that the rough ER has ribosomes attached.

Organelles can be divided into two groups,hydrophobic (water fearing)and hydrophilic (water loving).

Lysosomes can be called the "garbage disposals" of the cell.

All of the cell extensions-microvilli,cilia,and flagella-have basically the same structure.They only differ in number per cell and length.

Gap junctions are found in the small intestine.They allow molecules to flow between cells.

Lysosomes are vesicles that have been pinched off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Muscular dystrophy is a disease condition that can be linked to the malfunctioning of proteasomes.

Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it.

When vesicles from the Golgi apparatus reach the cell membrane,the contents are secreted to outside the cell.

The name nucleus comes from the Greek word for color.

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.