Question 1

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes the researcher's obligation to do no harm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity 
A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity B

Question 2

All of the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I understand that I may experience a small amount of discomfort during the study when blood is taken from one of my veins." 
B)  "I understand that the investigator will not be responsible for any harm I experience that results from negligence." 
C)  "I understand that I will not receive any compensation for my participation in this research study." 
D)  "I understand that this study may not have any immediate benefits to me as a result of my participation." 
A)  "I understand that I may experience a small amount of discomfort during the study when blood is taken from one of my veins." 
B)  "I understand that the investigator will not be responsible for any harm I experience that results from negligence." 
C)  "I understand that I will not receive any compensation for my participation in this research study." 
D)  "I understand that this study may not have any immediate benefits to me as a result of my participation." B

Question 3

Which of the following ethical principles is violated when a potential subject refuses to participate in a clinical study and,in response,the physician takes less time to answer this patient's questions than he does with other patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity 
A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity A

Question 4

Why is personal privacy more difficult to protect in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants may be related to each other. 
B)  The researcher meets participants face to face in such studies. 
C)  Participants are not asked to sign an informed consent statement. 
D)  Verbatim quotations from participants may reveal personal information. 
A)  Participants may be related to each other. 
B)  The researcher meets participants face to face in such studies. 
C)  Participants are not asked to sign an informed consent statement. 
D)  Verbatim quotations from participants may reveal personal information.

Question 5

A mother agreed to let her young son participate in a research study because she believed that if she did not agree,her child would be denied drug therapy.What right has been violated in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voluntary consent 
B)  Freedom from harm 
C)  Protection from discomfort 
D)  Fair and equitable treatment 
A)  Voluntary consent 
B)  Freedom from harm 
C)  Protection from discomfort 
D)  Fair and equitable treatment

Question 6

The Research Ethics Board ( REB )is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A)  approval of the research design. 
B)  protecting participants from undue risk. 
C)  ensuring that informed consent is obtained. 
D)  promotion of nursing research in health care institutions. 
A)  approval of the research design. 
B)  protecting participants from undue risk. 
C)  ensuring that informed consent is obtained. 
D)  promotion of nursing research in health care institutions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements,descriptions,or pieces of information is considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Patients who were contacted by study personnel and who signed ( or whose proxy signed ) informed consent were enrolled in the study cohort." 
B)  "The research has been reviewed and approved by the Human Participants' Review Committee, which include Jane Doe and John Smith." 
C)  "If you have any concerns about the conduct of this study or your rights as a research participant, please contact Jay Tee, lead investigator for this project at…" 
D)  "You have been randomly assigned to the intervention group, which will receive a new experimental drug developed to prevent breast cancer." 
A)  "Patients who were contacted by study personnel and who signed ( or whose proxy signed ) informed consent were enrolled in the study cohort." 
B)  "The research has been reviewed and approved by the Human Participants' Review Committee, which include Jane Doe and John Smith." 
C)  "If you have any concerns about the conduct of this study or your rights as a research participant, please contact Jay Tee, lead investigator for this project at…" 
D)  "You have been randomly assigned to the intervention group, which will receive a new experimental drug developed to prevent breast cancer."

Question 8

Which of the following groups represents a "captive" population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination (TSE)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students in a high school health education class 
B)  Young men undergoing treatment for testicular cancer 
C)  Men who request screening information from the Canadian Cancer Society 
D)  People who respond to a newspaper advertisement that requests responses from sons and brothers of men who have had testicular cancer 
A)  Students in a high school health education class 
B)  Young men undergoing treatment for testicular cancer 
C)  Men who request screening information from the Canadian Cancer Society 
D)  People who respond to a newspaper advertisement that requests responses from sons and brothers of men who have had testicular cancer

Question 9

You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contact the hospital's REB. 
B)  Confront the researcher with your concerns. 
C)  Document your suspicions in the patient's medical record. 
D)  Secretly tape-record the researcher's interaction with the patient. 
A)  Contact the hospital's REB. 
B)  Confront the researcher with your concerns. 
C)  Document your suspicions in the patient's medical record. 
D)  Secretly tape-record the researcher's interaction with the patient.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about informed consent is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Informed consent needs to be sought only if risks outweigh benefits. 
B)  Informed consent is required if physical risks exist but not psychological risks. 
C)  Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of possible risks and benefits. 
D)  A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the subject and potentially affect the study outcome. 
A)  Informed consent needs to be sought only if risks outweigh benefits. 
B)  Informed consent is required if physical risks exist but not psychological risks. 
C)  Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of possible risks and benefits. 
D)  A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the subject and potentially affect the study outcome.

Question 11

Which of the following ethical principles was violated in the Hyman vs.Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case,in which doctors injected older adults with cancer cells to study their rejection responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Promoting and Respecting Informed Decision Making 
A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Promoting and Respecting Informed Decision Making

Question 12

Which of the following basic human rights is violated when a researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identities and responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons 
A)  Justice 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Confidentiality 
D)  Respect for persons

Question 13

How should a completed and signed informed consent form be handled?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is turned over to the agency's research ethics board ( REB ) for safekeeping. 
B)  It is sent to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ( CIHR ) as evidence of compliance. 
C)  It is copied; one copy is given to the participant and the other is filed by the researcher in a secured location. 
D)  There is not special procedure for handling a consent form. 
A)  It is turned over to the agency's research ethics board ( REB ) for safekeeping. 
B)  It is sent to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ( CIHR ) as evidence of compliance. 
C)  It is copied; one copy is given to the participant and the other is filed by the researcher in a secured location. 
D)  There is not special procedure for handling a consent form.

Question 14

A representative from a pharmaceutical company presents to the nurses at a long-term care facility a new product,a premedicated wound dressing,for treating pressure ulcers.The representative asks the nurses to try the new product for 1 month and compare its effectiveness with that of their current method of treatment.What type of unethical action does this situation demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intent to harm 
B)  Fraudulent behaviour 
C)  Scientific misconduct 
D)  Unauthorized research 
A)  Intent to harm 
B)  Fraudulent behaviour 
C)  Scientific misconduct 
D)  Unauthorized research

Question 15

In which of the following circumstances is informed consent always necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  An experimental study 
B)  A retrospective chart audit 
C)  A study in which the convenience sample subject voluntarily completes and returns a questionnaire 
D)  A study with minimal risk in which the subject has been given a verbal explanation of the study 
A)  An experimental study 
B)  A retrospective chart audit 
C)  A study in which the convenience sample subject voluntarily completes and returns a questionnaire 
D)  A study with minimal risk in which the subject has been given a verbal explanation of the study

Question 16

In Canada,the ethical standards for nursing practice come from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Criminal Code. 
B)  the provincial legislation. 
C)  the Canadian Nurses Association ( CNA ) professional Code of Ethics. 
D)  the Regulated Health Professions Act. 
A)  the Criminal Code. 
B)  the provincial legislation. 
C)  the Canadian Nurses Association ( CNA ) professional Code of Ethics. 
D)  the Regulated Health Professions Act.

Question 17

A person gives consent to participate in a study,is assigned to an intervention group,and is expected to remain in the study for 1 year.Which of the following ethical principles is violated if after 6 months the subjects in the treatment group have more problems than do the control subjects but the researcher does not allow the members of the treatment group to stop the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity 
A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Preserving Dignity

Question 18

A woman newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.Which of her human rights is protected by her freedom to choose whether nor not to participate in the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right to fair treatment 
B)  Right to self-determination 
C)  Right to privacy and confidentiality 
D)  Right to anonymity 
A)  Right to fair treatment 
B)  Right to self-determination 
C)  Right to privacy and confidentiality 
D)  Right to anonymity

Question 19

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes a prospective subject's freedom to participate or not participate in a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Promoting and Respecting Informed Decision Making 
A)  Promoting Justice 
B)  Promoting Health and Well-Being 
C)  Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality 
D)  Promoting and Respecting Informed Decision Making

Question 20

Women have been excluded as participants in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs)because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is difficult to include both genders. 
B)  female hormones may interact with the drugs studied. 
C)  women are generally more difficult to recruit as participants. 
D)  female participants may not realize they are pregnant, thus putting the fetus at risk. 
A)  it is difficult to include both genders. 
B)  female hormones may interact with the drugs studied. 
C)  women are generally more difficult to recruit as participants. 
D)  female participants may not realize they are pregnant, thus putting the fetus at risk.

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes the researcher's obligation to do no harm?

All of the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Which of the following ethical principles is violated when a potential subject refuses to participate in a clinical study and,in response,the physician takes less time to answer this patient's questions than he does with other patients?

Why is personal privacy more difficult to protect in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies?

A mother agreed to let her young son participate in a research study because she believed that if she did not agree,her child would be denied drug therapy.What right has been violated in this situation?

The Research Ethics Board ( REB )is responsible for:

Which of the following statements,descriptions,or pieces of information is considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?

Which of the following groups represents a "captive" population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination (TSE)?

You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?

Which of the following statements about informed consent is accurate?

Which of the following ethical principles was violated in the Hyman vs.Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case,in which doctors injected older adults with cancer cells to study their rejection responses?

Which of the following basic human rights is violated when a researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identities and responses?

How should a completed and signed informed consent form be handled?

In which of the following circumstances is informed consent always necessary?

In Canada,the ethical standards for nursing practice come from:

A woman newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.Which of her human rights is protected by her freedom to choose whether nor not to participate in the study?

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes a prospective subject's freedom to participate or not participate in a research study?

Women have been excluded as participants in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs)because:

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters

Exam 6: Legal and Ethical Issues

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes the researcher's obligation to do no harm?

All of the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?

Which of the following ethical principles is violated when a potential subject refuses to participate in a clinical study and,in response,the physician takes less time to answer this patient's questions than he does with other patients?

Why is personal privacy more difficult to protect in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies?

A mother agreed to let her young son participate in a research study because she believed that if she did not agree,her child would be denied drug therapy.What right has been violated in this situation?

The Research Ethics Board ( REB )is responsible for:

Which of the following statements,descriptions,or pieces of information is considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?

Which of the following groups represents a "captive" population of potential subjects for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination (TSE)?

You are a staff nurse,and you observe a health care professional coercing a patient to agree to participate in a research study.What should you do in this situation?

Which of the following statements about informed consent is accurate?

Which of the following ethical principles was violated in the Hyman vs.Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital case,in which doctors injected older adults with cancer cells to study their rejection responses?

Which of the following basic human rights is violated when a researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identities and responses?

How should a completed and signed informed consent form be handled?

In which of the following circumstances is informed consent always necessary?

In Canada,the ethical standards for nursing practice come from:

A woman newly diagnosed with breast cancer is asked to participate in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapy agent.Which of her human rights is protected by her freedom to choose whether nor not to participate in the study?

Which of the following ethical guidelines describes a prospective subject's freedom to participate or not participate in a research study?

Women have been excluded as participants in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs)because:

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters