Question 1

How is the Critical Thinking Decision Path helpful in the research decision process of selecting a quantitative or qualitative study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reflects the researcher's beliefs and subsequent research questions and activities. 
B)  It reflects the method of research study dissemination activities. 
C)  It reflects research results related to studies focused on critical thinking. 
D)  It distinguishes between the inductive and deductive reasoning processes. 
A)  It reflects the researcher's beliefs and subsequent research questions and activities. 
B)  It reflects the method of research study dissemination activities. 
C)  It reflects research results related to studies focused on critical thinking. 
D)  It distinguishes between the inductive and deductive reasoning processes. A

Question 2

Which of the following is a good method for improving your research skill in evaluating frameworks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reading the abstract closely and skimming the rest of the article. 
B)  Performing a literature search of all concepts related to the framework. 
C)  Conducting a scholarly analysis of the theoretical frameworks created by known nursing leaders. 
D)  Engaging in repeated critiques and discussing the critiques with others who have critiqued the same article. 
A)  Reading the abstract closely and skimming the rest of the article. 
B)  Performing a literature search of all concepts related to the framework. 
C)  Conducting a scholarly analysis of the theoretical frameworks created by known nursing leaders. 
D)  Engaging in repeated critiques and discussing the critiques with others who have critiqued the same article. D

Question 3

Which of the following definitions of paradigm is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  A way of linking the naturalistic world to empirical thought 
B)  Philosophical beliefs that influence the way people in a society think about the world 
C)  A model that captures the interaction of specific variables within a known concept 
D)  A concept that encompasses the integration of "wholeness," spirituality, and personal worth into scientific thought 
A)  A way of linking the naturalistic world to empirical thought 
B)  Philosophical beliefs that influence the way people in a society think about the world 
C)  A model that captures the interaction of specific variables within a known concept 
D)  A concept that encompasses the integration of "wholeness," spirituality, and personal worth into scientific thought B

Question 4

In an article reporting the results of a qualitative study that used inductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduction 
B)  Methods 
C)  Statistical Analysis 
D)  Discussion 
A)  Introduction 
B)  Methods 
C)  Statistical Analysis 
D)  Discussion

Question 5

Which of the following research questions reflects an inductive approach to scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is there a difference in infection rates among patients with neutropenia who eat from dishes cleaned with automatic dishwashers as compared with patients with neutropenia who eat from dishes that are hand washed? 
B)  Do older adults residing in assisted-living settings have more social interaction than do older adults residing in their own homes? 
C)  What is the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness in recently widowed women over 60? 
D)  What is the experience of parents when their child is born more than 10 weeks preterm? 
A)  Is there a difference in infection rates among patients with neutropenia who eat from dishes cleaned with automatic dishwashers as compared with patients with neutropenia who eat from dishes that are hand washed? 
B)  Do older adults residing in assisted-living settings have more social interaction than do older adults residing in their own homes? 
C)  What is the relationship between self-esteem and loneliness in recently widowed women over 60? 
D)  What is the experience of parents when their child is born more than 10 weeks preterm?

Question 6

"The fundamental epistemological stance that all knowledge is personal and based on the interests,experiences,and perceptions of the researcher and the research participant" best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist 
A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist

Question 7

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual frameworks are more appropriate for qualitative studies, and theoretical frameworks are more appropriate for quantitative studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and conceptual frameworks already exist. 
C)  Conceptual frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
D)  Theoretical frameworks generate theory, whereas conceptual frameworks test theory. 
A)  Conceptual frameworks are more appropriate for qualitative studies, and theoretical frameworks are more appropriate for quantitative studies. 
B)  Theoretical frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and conceptual frameworks already exist. 
C)  Conceptual frameworks are individually developed by researchers, and theoretical frameworks already exist. 
D)  Theoretical frameworks generate theory, whereas conceptual frameworks test theory.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a conceptual model?

Accepted Answer

A)  To move concepts from a concrete frame of reference to a more abstract one 
B)  To move concepts from an abstract frame of reference to a more concrete one 
C)  To reduce the abstraction of an operational definition 
D)  To allow testing of grand theories 
A)  To move concepts from a concrete frame of reference to a more abstract one 
B)  To move concepts from an abstract frame of reference to a more concrete one 
C)  To reduce the abstraction of an operational definition 
D)  To allow testing of grand theories

Question 9

"The methodological stance that the researcher should remain a distant observer in the research process" best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Social critical thought 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Naturalist 
A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Social critical thought 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Naturalist

Question 10

What is the major difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inductive reasoning is theory driven, and deductive reasoning is independent of theory. 
B)  Deductive reasoning forms the basis for qualitative research, and inductive reasoning forms the basis for quantitative research. 
C)  Deductive reasoning is an unconscious approach in which intuition, rather than logic, is the key feature, whereas inductive reasoning encompasses a more logical and systematic approach to problem identification. 
D)  Inductive reasoning starts with observed details that lead to a general structure or picture, whereas deductive reasoning begins with a structure or picture that guides the search for associated details. 
A)  Inductive reasoning is theory driven, and deductive reasoning is independent of theory. 
B)  Deductive reasoning forms the basis for qualitative research, and inductive reasoning forms the basis for quantitative research. 
C)  Deductive reasoning is an unconscious approach in which intuition, rather than logic, is the key feature, whereas inductive reasoning encompasses a more logical and systematic approach to problem identification. 
D)  Inductive reasoning starts with observed details that lead to a general structure or picture, whereas deductive reasoning begins with a structure or picture that guides the search for associated details.

Question 11

"The ontological view that human responses to health and illness can be measured" best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist 
A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist

Question 12

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the reader should consider about the concepts of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theoretical interrelatedness of the concepts 
B)  Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative in nature 
C)  The specific meanings the researcher has ascribed to the study concepts 
D)  An in-depth understanding of the grand theory that underpins the study concepts 
A)  The theoretical interrelatedness of the concepts 
B)  Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative in nature 
C)  The specific meanings the researcher has ascribed to the study concepts 
D)  An in-depth understanding of the grand theory that underpins the study concepts

Question 13

How is a model related to a concept or concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  A model tests conceptual theories. 
B)  A concept defines the purpose of a model. 
C)  A model demonstrates the relationships among or between concepts. 
D)  Concepts generate the theoretical basis for knowledge depicted in a model. 
A)  A model tests conceptual theories. 
B)  A concept defines the purpose of a model. 
C)  A model demonstrates the relationships among or between concepts. 
D)  Concepts generate the theoretical basis for knowledge depicted in a model.

Question 14

"The philosophical quests to use research to balance the distribution of power in modern society" best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist 
A)  Post-positivist 
B)  Critical 
C)  Constructivist 
D)  Critical and constructivist

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct definition of theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The assumptions and beliefs of the "worldview" of the researcher 
B)  A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon 
C)  The specific and measurable premise or assumption based on which the rationale for research direction is established 
D)  A researcher's "best guess" of the expected direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables 
A)  The assumptions and beliefs of the "worldview" of the researcher 
B)  A set of interrelated concepts that provides a systematic view of a phenomenon 
C)  The specific and measurable premise or assumption based on which the rationale for research direction is established 
D)  A researcher's "best guess" of the expected direction of the relationship between independent and dependent variables

Question 16

In an article reporting the results of a quantitative study that used deductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduction 
B)  Methods 
C)  Statistical Analysis 
D)  Discussion 
A)  Introduction 
B)  Methods 
C)  Statistical Analysis 
D)  Discussion

Question 17

How are theory and practice interrelated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Practice is the operational definition of theory. 
B)  Practice provides the opportunity to test theory. 
C)  Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based. 
D)  Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice. 
A)  Practice is the operational definition of theory. 
B)  Practice provides the opportunity to test theory. 
C)  Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based. 
D)  Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice.

Question 18

Which of the following factors or structure has the lowest level of abstraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Operational definition 
B)  Conceptual definition 
C)  Midrange theory 
D)  Grand theory 
A)  Operational definition 
B)  Conceptual definition 
C)  Midrange theory 
D)  Grand theory

Question 19

During a class examination,the course instructor notes that a student who usually does poorly in class tests has shaking hands,knocks over a bottle of water,breaks the points of two pencils,makes many erasures,and wrinkles her computer score sheet.The instructor concludes that the student has test anxiety.What type of reasoning is demonstrated by the instructor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inductive reasoning 
B)  Deductive reasoning 
C)  Theoretical reasoning 
D)  Faulty reasoning 
A)  Inductive reasoning 
B)  Deductive reasoning 
C)  Theoretical reasoning 
D)  Faulty reasoning

Question 20

Which of the following sequences represents movement from a greater level of abstraction to a more concrete relationship between concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual model, theory, hypothesis 
B)  Theory, hypothesis, conceptual model 
C)  Hypothesis, conceptual model, theory 
D)  Hypothesis, theory, conceptual model 
A)  Conceptual model, theory, hypothesis 
B)  Theory, hypothesis, conceptual model 
C)  Hypothesis, conceptual model, theory 
D)  Hypothesis, theory, conceptual model

How is the Critical Thinking Decision Path helpful in the research decision process of selecting a quantitative or qualitative study design?

Which of the following is a good method for improving your research skill in evaluating frameworks?

Which of the following definitions of paradigm is correct?

In an article reporting the results of a qualitative study that used inductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

Which of the following research questions reflects an inductive approach to scientific inquiry?

"The fundamental epistemological stance that all knowledge is personal and based on the interests,experiences,and perceptions of the researcher and the research participant" best describes which of the following?

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

What is the purpose of a conceptual model?

"The methodological stance that the researcher should remain a distant observer in the research process" best describes which of the following?

What is the major difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

"The ontological view that human responses to health and illness can be measured" best describes which of the following?

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the reader should consider about the concepts of the study?

How is a model related to a concept or concepts?

"The philosophical quests to use research to balance the distribution of power in modern society" best describes which of the following?

Which of the following is the correct definition of theory?

In an article reporting the results of a quantitative study that used deductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

How are theory and practice interrelated?

Which of the following factors or structure has the lowest level of abstraction?

Which of the following sequences represents movement from a greater level of abstraction to a more concrete relationship between concepts?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters

Exam 2: Theoretical Framework

How is the Critical Thinking Decision Path helpful in the research decision process of selecting a quantitative or qualitative study design?

Which of the following is a good method for improving your research skill in evaluating frameworks?

Which of the following definitions of paradigm is correct?

In an article reporting the results of a qualitative study that used inductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

Which of the following research questions reflects an inductive approach to scientific inquiry?

"The fundamental epistemological stance that all knowledge is personal and based on the interests,experiences,and perceptions of the researcher and the research participant" best describes which of the following?

How are theoretical and conceptual frameworks different?

What is the purpose of a conceptual model?

"The methodological stance that the researcher should remain a distant observer in the research process" best describes which of the following?

What is the major difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

"The ontological view that human responses to health and illness can be measured" best describes which of the following?

When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the reader should consider about the concepts of the study?

How is a model related to a concept or concepts?

"The philosophical quests to use research to balance the distribution of power in modern society" best describes which of the following?

Which of the following is the correct definition of theory?

In an article reporting the results of a quantitative study that used deductive reasoning methods,where is the conceptual framework usually presented?

How are theory and practice interrelated?

Which of the following factors or structure has the lowest level of abstraction?

Which of the following sequences represents movement from a greater level of abstraction to a more concrete relationship between concepts?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Nonexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data-Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters