Question 1

Compared with metamorphism, diagenesis

Accepted Answer

A) is exactly the same thing. 
B) takes place at lower temperatures and pressures. 
C) takes place at higher temperatures and pressures. 
D) takes place at greater depths that are well within the mantle. 
A) is exactly the same thing. 
B) takes place at lower temperatures and pressures. 
C) takes place at higher temperatures and pressures. 
D) takes place at greater depths that are well within the mantle.

Question 2

The image below shows a layer of ________, which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

Accepted Answer

A) limestone 
B) coal 
C) sandstone 
D) chalk 
A) limestone 
B) coal 
C) sandstone 
D) chalk

Question 3

If a geologist finds thick accumulations of fossiliferous limestone, in what type of basin might they have been formed?

Accepted Answer

A) passive-margin 
B) intracontinental 
C) rift 
D) foreland 
A) passive-margin 
B) intracontinental 
C) rift 
D) foreland

Question 4

Biochemical limestones are dominated by carbonate mud and fragments of

Accepted Answer

A) siliceous shells of planktonic diatoms and foraminifera. 
B) skeletons of marine invertebrates made of calcite and aragonite. 
C) the phosphate-rich bones of fish. 
D) the organic breakdown products of wood and leaves from trees. 
A) siliceous shells of planktonic diatoms and foraminifera. 
B) skeletons of marine invertebrates made of calcite and aragonite. 
C) the phosphate-rich bones of fish. 
D) the organic breakdown products of wood and leaves from trees.

Question 5

In which type of basin would it be possible to find oil forming and why?

Accepted Answer

Passive-margin basins are form

Question 6

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

A) deposition 
B) transportation 
C) erosion 
D) weathering 
A) deposition 
B) transportation 
C) erosion 
D) weathering

Question 7

Grains become rounded primarily during

Accepted Answer

A) weathering at the outcrop. 
B) lithification. 
C) transportation. 
D) deposition. 
A) weathering at the outcrop. 
B) lithification. 
C) transportation. 
D) deposition.

Question 8

Which of the following is FALSE? Compared with arkose, quartz sandstone

Accepted Answer

A) contains more angular grains. 
B) does not contain significant amounts of feldspar. 
C) is likely to be found farther away from weathering granitic source rock. 
D) is considered to be more compositionally mature. 
A) contains more angular grains. 
B) does not contain significant amounts of feldspar. 
C) is likely to be found farther away from weathering granitic source rock. 
D) is considered to be more compositionally mature.

Question 9

The elevation of a mountain could be slowly decreased by weathering and

Accepted Answer

A) lithification. 
B) sedimentation. 
C) erosion. 
D) deposition 
A) lithification. 
B) sedimentation. 
C) erosion. 
D) deposition

Question 10

Sea level rises locally, and marine sediments are deposited on top of terrestrial sediments during events termed

Accepted Answer

A) transgressions. 
B) regressions. 
C) turbidity currents. 
D) cross bedding. 
A) transgressions. 
B) regressions. 
C) turbidity currents. 
D) cross bedding.

Question 11

If a geologist found preserved polygonal cracks in a sedimentary rock, he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed

Accepted Answer

A) was once covered in wet mud. 
B) was once covered by a glacier. 
C) has been subjected to a major climate change event. 
D) was the site of a mass extinction event. 
A) was once covered in wet mud. 
B) was once covered by a glacier. 
C) has been subjected to a major climate change event. 
D) was the site of a mass extinction event.

Question 12

Consult the figure below. Here, distinct internal laminations are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layers. This is termed __________ bedding.

Accepted Answer

A) graded 
B) cross 
C) horizontal 
D) tilted 
A) graded 
B) cross 
C) horizontal 
D) tilted

Question 13

What is an alluvial fan? How is it different from a marine delta?

Accepted Answer

An alluvial fan is a wedge-shaped accumu

Question 14

Describe the depositional environment that can account for the red bed sandstones in this picture.

Accepted Answer

The sandstones were likely for

Question 15

Large layers of cross-bedded sand can be indicative of a ____________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A) submarine 
B) beach 
C) desert 
D) fluvial 
A) submarine 
B) beach 
C) desert 
D) fluvial

Question 16

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was MOST likely deposited as sand by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) river (far from source). 
B) glacier. 
C) river (near source). 
D) alluvial fan. 
A) river (far from source). 
B) glacier. 
C) river (near source). 
D) alluvial fan.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT reflect transport distance?

Accepted Answer

A) angularity 
B) type of cement 
C) rounding 
D) mineral content 
A) angularity 
B) type of cement 
C) rounding 
D) mineral content

Question 18

Limestone can be either a biochemical or a chemical sedimentary rock. Explain how both types of limestone are formed. Make sure to describe the environments in which they were formed.

Accepted Answer

Fossiliferous limestone is a type of bio

Question 19

The image below shows a series of graded beds. How many full sets of graded beds are shown?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 12 
D) 15 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 12 
D) 15

Question 20

Lithification, the process by which sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks, includes

Accepted Answer

A) erosion and transportation. 
B) transportation and cementation. 
C) erosion and deposition. 
D) compaction and cementation. 
A) erosion and transportation. 
B) transportation and cementation. 
C) erosion and deposition. 
D) compaction and cementation.

Exam 5: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

Compared with metamorphism, diagenesis

The image below shows a layer of ________, which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

If a geologist finds thick accumulations of fossiliferous limestone, in what type of basin might they have been formed?

Biochemical limestones are dominated by carbonate mud and fragments of

In which type of basin would it be possible to find oil forming and why?

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

Grains become rounded primarily during

Which of the following is FALSE? Compared with arkose, quartz sandstone

The elevation of a mountain could be slowly decreased by weathering and

Sea level rises locally, and marine sediments are deposited on top of terrestrial sediments during events termed

If a geologist found preserved polygonal cracks in a sedimentary rock, he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed

Consult the figure below. Here, distinct internal laminations are inclined at an angle to the boundary of the main sedimentary layers. This is termed __________ bedding.

What is an alluvial fan? How is it different from a marine delta?

Describe the depositional environment that can account for the red bed sandstones in this picture.

Large layers of cross-bedded sand can be indicative of a ____________ environment.

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was MOST likely deposited as sand by a(n)

Which of the following does NOT reflect transport distance?

Limestone can be either a biochemical or a chemical sedimentary rock. Explain how both types of limestone are formed. Make sure to describe the environments in which they were formed.

The image below shows a series of graded beds. How many full sets of graded beds are shown?

Lithification, the process by which sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks, includes

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

Filters