Question 1

Glacial till is composed of ______________ particles.

Accepted Answer

A) mud-sized 
B) sand-sized 
C) boulder-sized 
D) all sizes of 
A) mud-sized 
B) sand-sized 
C) boulder-sized 
D) all sizes of

Question 2

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ___________-sized because of the low amounts of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) cobble 
B) gravel 
C) clay 
D) sand 
A) cobble 
B) gravel 
C) clay 
D) sand

Question 3

Shallow-marine deposits tend to have abundant fossils because of their proximity to

Accepted Answer

A) reefs. 
B) beaches. 
C) deltas. 
D) rivers. 
A) reefs. 
B) beaches. 
C) deltas. 
D) rivers.

Question 4

Diagenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B) the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock. 
C) physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D) the natural process of separating sediment by grain size. 
A) the development of layering within sedimentary rocks. 
B) the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock. 
C) physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock. 
D) the natural process of separating sediment by grain size.

Question 5

Geologists call individual layers of sedimentary rocks _________, whereas several of them together are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) beds; strata 
B) strata; beds 
C) laminations; graded beds 
D) graded beds; laminations 
A) beds; strata 
B) strata; beds 
C) laminations; graded beds 
D) graded beds; laminations

Question 6

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a _________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A) shallow-marine 
B) deep-marine 
C) lacustrine 
D) coastal-beach 
A) shallow-marine 
B) deep-marine 
C) lacustrine 
D) coastal-beach

Question 7

What is the difference between chemical and physical weathering?

Accepted Answer

Weathering is the combination of process

Question 8

Most of the rocks that are formed at the surface of Earth are ________ rocks.

Accepted Answer

A) intrusive igneous 
B) extrusive igneous 
C) sedimentary 
D) metamorphic 
A) intrusive igneous 
B) extrusive igneous 
C) sedimentary 
D) metamorphic

Question 9

Sedimentary basins are often subject to ___________, which allows them to fill with thick accumulations of sediments.

Accepted Answer

A) erosion 
B) diagenesis 
C) uplift 
D) subsidence 
A) erosion 
B) diagenesis 
C) uplift 
D) subsidence

Question 10

Shorelines migrate _________ during a transgression and _________ during a regression.

Accepted Answer

A) seaward; inland 
B) inland; seaward 
C) parallel to the shore; perpendicular to the shore 
D) perpendicular to the shore; parallel to the shore 
A) seaward; inland 
B) inland; seaward 
C) parallel to the shore; perpendicular to the shore 
D) perpendicular to the shore; parallel to the shore

Question 11

Topset, foreset, and bottomset beds found together are indicative of ________ environments.

Accepted Answer

A) alluvial fan 
B) lake bottom 
C) Delta 
D) deep-marine 
A) alluvial fan 
B) lake bottom 
C) Delta 
D) deep-marine

Question 12

The image below shows an outcrop of coarse-grained sedimentary rock. Note the rock hammer for scale. What is an appropriate name for this rock?

Accepted Answer

A) sandstone 
B) shale 
C) breccia 
D) conglomerate 
A) sandstone 
B) shale 
C) breccia 
D) conglomerate

Question 13

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

Accepted Answer

A) gravel 
B) sand 
C) pebbles 
D) clay/mud 
A) gravel 
B) sand 
C) pebbles 
D) clay/mud

Question 14

A gravel bar in a river is an example of a landform created by

Accepted Answer

A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) transportation. 
D) lithification. 
A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) transportation. 
D) lithification.

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

Accepted Answer

A) They are not typically well preserved in the sedimentary record. 
B) They can occur when the climate warms and continental ice sheets melt. 
C) They occur when the land is uplifted by tectonic processes. 
D) Coastal environments will migrate seaward. 
A) They are not typically well preserved in the sedimentary record. 
B) They can occur when the climate warms and continental ice sheets melt. 
C) They occur when the land is uplifted by tectonic processes. 
D) Coastal environments will migrate seaward.

Question 16

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

Accepted Answer

Lithification is the transformation of l

Question 17

What type of sedimentary rocks form from once-separate grains that have been packed together and then cemented to one another (lithified)?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic 
A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic

Question 18

Compaction and cementation of grains occur during

Accepted Answer

A) erosion. 
B) lithification. 
C) transport. 
D) weathering. 
A) erosion. 
B) lithification. 
C) transport. 
D) weathering.

Question 19

The process by which solid material is ground away by glaciers, rivers, wind, or waves is called

Accepted Answer

A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) weathering. 
D) lithification 
A) deposition. 
B) erosion. 
C) weathering. 
D) lithification

Question 20

What attributes would a clastic sedimentary rock have if it had traveled far from its source and was carried in a current with uniform energy? What environment would this be?

Accepted Answer

A clastic rock that had traveled far fro

Exam 5: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

Glacial till is composed of ______________ particles.

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ___________-sized because of the low amounts of energy.

Shallow-marine deposits tend to have abundant fossils because of their proximity to

Diagenesis refers to

Geologists call individual layers of sedimentary rocks _________, whereas several of them together are called __________.

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a _________ environment.

What is the difference between chemical and physical weathering?

Most of the rocks that are formed at the surface of Earth are ________ rocks.

Sedimentary basins are often subject to ___________, which allows them to fill with thick accumulations of sediments.

Shorelines migrate _________ during a transgression and _________ during a regression.

Topset, foreset, and bottomset beds found together are indicative of ________ environments.

The image below shows an outcrop of coarse-grained sedimentary rock. Note the rock hammer for scale. What is an appropriate name for this rock?

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

A gravel bar in a river is an example of a landform created by

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

What type of sedimentary rocks form from once-separate grains that have been packed together and then cemented to one another (lithified)?

Compaction and cementation of grains occur during

The process by which solid material is ground away by glaciers, rivers, wind, or waves is called

What attributes would a clastic sedimentary rock have if it had traveled far from its source and was carried in a current with uniform energy? What environment would this be?

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

Filters

Geologists call individual layers of sedimentary rocks _, whereas several of them together are called __.

Shorelines migrate _ during a transgression and _ during a regression.