Question 1

Molten rock beneath Earth's surface is termed

Accepted Answer

A) lava. 
B) magma. 
C) volatiles 
D) mantle. 
A) lava. 
B) magma. 
C) volatiles 
D) mantle. B

Question 2

The Jovian planets are

Accepted Answer

A) Mars, Mercury, and Venus. 
B) Mars, Venus, and Jupiter. 
C) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune 
D) Mars and Saturn. 
A) Mars, Mercury, and Venus. 
B) Mars, Venus, and Jupiter. 
C) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune 
D) Mars and Saturn. C

Question 3

The process of differentiation of the Earth into discrete layers is thought to have been completed by

Accepted Answer

A) 4.54 Ma. 
B) 13.7 Ga. 
C) 13.8 Ma. 
D) 4.54 Ga. 
A) 4.54 Ma. 
B) 13.7 Ga. 
C) 13.8 Ma. 
D) 4.54 Ga. D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is composed mostly of silicon and oxygen. 
B) It is partly liquid and partly solid. 
C) It is composed of an iron alloy (mostly iron with a few other metallic elements mixed in). 
D) By volume, it is the largest compositional layer of Earth. 
A) It is composed mostly of silicon and oxygen. 
B) It is partly liquid and partly solid. 
C) It is composed of an iron alloy (mostly iron with a few other metallic elements mixed in). 
D) By volume, it is the largest compositional layer of Earth.

Question 5

The density of rocks in Earth's layers is generally related to composition. Which of the following choices places compositions in order of increasing density?

Accepted Answer

A) mantle, crust, core 
B) mantle, core, crust 
C) crust, mantle, core 
D) core, mantle, crust 
A) mantle, crust, core 
B) mantle, core, crust 
C) crust, mantle, core 
D) core, mantle, crust

Question 6

Compared with the crust, the mantle is __________ and __________ able to flow.

Accepted Answer

A) cooler; more 
B) hotter; more 
C) cooler; less 
D) hotter; less 
A) cooler; more 
B) hotter; more 
C) cooler; less 
D) hotter; less

Question 7

The best estimate of when the universe formed is

Accepted Answer

A) 13.7 Ma. 
B) 13.8 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga. 
A) 13.7 Ma. 
B) 13.8 Ga. 
C)  4.57 Ma. 
D)  4.57 Ga.

Question 8

Draw a cross-section of Earth showing its layers. Label the layers and list the average composition of the layers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a cross-section of Earth showing its...

Question 9

Before the Renaissance, most people assumed which of the following things about Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) Earth orbits around the sun. 
B) The sun orbits around Earth. 
C) Earth is a stationary planet. 
D) All celestial objects move around Earth. 
A) Earth orbits around the sun. 
B) The sun orbits around Earth. 
C) Earth is a stationary planet. 
D) All celestial objects move around Earth.

Question 10

According to the expanding universe theory, our universe is

Accepted Answer

A) expanding only. 
B) contracting only. 
C) not moving at all. 
D) contracting and expanding. 
A) expanding only. 
B) contracting only. 
C) not moving at all. 
D) contracting and expanding.

Question 11

The Earth's magnetic field is a

Accepted Answer

A) monopole, as would be produced by just one pole of a magnet. 
B) dipole, such as that produced by a bar magnet. 
C) torus, a doughnut-shaped ring parallel to Earth's equator. 
D) sphere, following the shape of Earth. 
A) monopole, as would be produced by just one pole of a magnet. 
B) dipole, such as that produced by a bar magnet. 
C) torus, a doughnut-shaped ring parallel to Earth's equator. 
D) sphere, following the shape of Earth.

Question 12

Which of the following bodies is the smallest?

Accepted Answer

A) planet 
B) star 
C) protoplanet 
D) planetesimal 
A) planet 
B) star 
C) protoplanet 
D) planetesimal

Question 13

Measuring the elevation of a mountain means measuring variation in __________ , whereas doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge would be measuring variation in __________ .

Accepted Answer

A) bathymetry; topography 
B) bathymetry; isostasy 
C) topography; isostasy 
D) topography; bathymetry 
A) bathymetry; topography 
B) bathymetry; isostasy 
C) topography; isostasy 
D) topography; bathymetry

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered electromagnetic radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) x-rays 
B) radio waves 
C) cosmic rays 
D) ultraviolet light 
A) x-rays 
B) radio waves 
C) cosmic rays 
D) ultraviolet light

Question 15

What is the atmosphere? What are the two primary components of the atmosphere? Why does the atmosphere remain associated with the Earth System?

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere is the layer of

Question 16

It is believed that our solar system resulted from a second- or third-generation nebula. The primary line of evidence for this is the

Accepted Answer

A) age of the sun. 
B) size of the sun. 
C) number of gas giants. 
D) mix of complex elements. 
A) age of the sun. 
B) size of the sun. 
C) number of gas giants. 
D) mix of complex elements.

Question 17

Pressure and temperature change with increasing depth within the Earth. How do they change, and why?

Accepted Answer

With increasing depth within the Earth,

Question 18

The densest layer of Earth is the

Accepted Answer

A) crust. 
B) mantle. 
C) outer core 
D) inner core 
A) crust. 
B) mantle. 
C) outer core 
D) inner core

Question 19

Briefly describe how our solar system formed according to the nebular theory.

Accepted Answer

Our solar system formed from a nebula th

Question 20

In general, the mantle is made of the rock

Accepted Answer

A) granite. 
B) basalt. 
C) gabbro. 
D) peridotite 
A) granite. 
B) basalt. 
C) gabbro. 
D) peridotite

Exam 1: The Earth in Context

Molten rock beneath Earth's surface is termed

The Jovian planets are

The process of differentiation of the Earth into discrete layers is thought to have been completed by

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is FALSE?

The density of rocks in Earth's layers is generally related to composition. Which of the following choices places compositions in order of increasing density?

Compared with the crust, the mantle is __________ and __________ able to flow.

The best estimate of when the universe formed is

Draw a cross-section of Earth showing its layers. Label the layers and list the average composition of the layers.

Before the Renaissance, most people assumed which of the following things about Earth?

According to the expanding universe theory, our universe is

The Earth's magnetic field is a

Which of the following bodies is the smallest?

Measuring the elevation of a mountain means measuring variation in __________ , whereas doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge would be measuring variation in __________ .

Which of the following is NOT considered electromagnetic radiation?

What is the atmosphere? What are the two primary components of the atmosphere? Why does the atmosphere remain associated with the Earth System?

It is believed that our solar system resulted from a second- or third-generation nebula. The primary line of evidence for this is the

Pressure and temperature change with increasing depth within the Earth. How do they change, and why?

The densest layer of Earth is the

Briefly describe how our solar system formed according to the nebular theory.

In general, the mantle is made of the rock

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks

A Process of Change: Metamorphism and the Rock Cycle

Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Shaping the Earths Surface: Landscapes, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Mass Wasting

Freshwater: Streams, Lakes, and Groundwater

Extreme Realms: Desert and Glacial Landscapes

Ocean Waters: the Blue of the Blue Marble

Marine Geology: the Study of Ocean Basins and Coasts

The Air We Breathe: Introducing Earths Atmosphere

Winds of the World: the Earths Major Weather Systems

Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, and Local Weather Systems

Climate and Climate Change

Our Solar System and Beyond

Our Neighborhood in Space

The Sun, Stars, and Deep Space

Prelude: Welcome to Earth Science

Filters

Compared with the crust, the mantle is and able to flow.

Measuring the elevation of a mountain means measuring variation in , whereas doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge would be measuring variation in .